First JWST thermal phase curves of temperate terrestrial exoplanets reveal no thick atmosphere around TRAPPIST-1 b and c
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2025
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| author | Gillon, Michaël Ducrot, Elsa Bell, Taylor J. Huang, Ziyu Lincowski, Andrew Lyu, Xintong Maurel, Alice Revol, Alexandre Agol, Eric Bolmont, Emeline Dong, Chuanfei Fauchez, Thomas J. Koll, Daniel D. B. Leconte, Jérémy Meadows, Victoria S. Selsis, Franck Turbet, Martin Charnay, Benjamin Delre, Laetita Demory, Brice-Olivier Householder, Aaron Zieba, Sebastian Berardo, David Dyrek, Achrène Edwards, Billy de Wit, Julien Greene, Thomas P. Hu, Renyu Iro, Nicolas Kreidberg, Laura Lagage, Pierre-Olivier Lustig-Yaeger, Jacob Iyer, Aishwarya |
| author_facet | Gillon, Michaël Ducrot, Elsa Bell, Taylor J. Huang, Ziyu Lincowski, Andrew Lyu, Xintong Maurel, Alice Revol, Alexandre Agol, Eric Bolmont, Emeline Dong, Chuanfei Fauchez, Thomas J. Koll, Daniel D. B. Leconte, Jérémy Meadows, Victoria S. Selsis, Franck Turbet, Martin Charnay, Benjamin Delre, Laetita Demory, Brice-Olivier Householder, Aaron Zieba, Sebastian Berardo, David Dyrek, Achrène Edwards, Billy de Wit, Julien Greene, Thomas P. Hu, Renyu Iro, Nicolas Kreidberg, Laura Lagage, Pierre-Olivier Lustig-Yaeger, Jacob Iyer, Aishwarya |
| contents | We report JWST/MIRI 15 $μ$m phase curves of TRAPPIST-1 b and c, revealing thermal emission consistent with their irradiation levels, assuming no efficient heat redistribution. We find that TRAPPIST-1 b shows a high dayside brightness temperature (490 $\pm$ 17 K), no significantly detectable nightside emission ($F_{\rm b, Night, max}$ = $39_{-27}^{+55}$ ppm), and no phase offset -- features consistent with a low-albedo, airless ultramafic rocky surface. TRAPPIST-1 c exhibits a lower dayside brightness temperature (369 $\pm$ 23 K), and a nightside flux statistically indistinguishable from that of TRAPPIST-1 b ($F_{\rm c, Night, max}$ = $62_{-43}^{+60}$ ppm). Atmosphere models with surface pressures $\geq$1 bar and efficient greenhouse effects are strongly disfavoured for both planets. TRAPPIST-1 b is unlikely to possess any substantial atmosphere, while TRAPPIST-1 c may retain a tenuous, greenhouse-poor O$_2$-dominated atmosphere or be similarly airless with a more reflective surface. These results suggest divergent evolutionary pathways or atmospheric loss processes, despite similar compositions. These measurements tightly constrain atmosphere retention in the inner TRAPPIST-1 system. |
| format | Preprint |
| id |
arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2509_02128 |
| institution | arXiv |
| publishDate | 2025 |
| record_format | arxiv |
| spellingShingle | First JWST thermal phase curves of temperate terrestrial exoplanets reveal no thick atmosphere around TRAPPIST-1 b and c Gillon, Michaël Ducrot, Elsa Bell, Taylor J. Huang, Ziyu Lincowski, Andrew Lyu, Xintong Maurel, Alice Revol, Alexandre Agol, Eric Bolmont, Emeline Dong, Chuanfei Fauchez, Thomas J. Koll, Daniel D. B. Leconte, Jérémy Meadows, Victoria S. Selsis, Franck Turbet, Martin Charnay, Benjamin Delre, Laetita Demory, Brice-Olivier Householder, Aaron Zieba, Sebastian Berardo, David Dyrek, Achrène Edwards, Billy de Wit, Julien Greene, Thomas P. Hu, Renyu Iro, Nicolas Kreidberg, Laura Lagage, Pierre-Olivier Lustig-Yaeger, Jacob Iyer, Aishwarya Earth and Planetary Astrophysics We report JWST/MIRI 15 $μ$m phase curves of TRAPPIST-1 b and c, revealing thermal emission consistent with their irradiation levels, assuming no efficient heat redistribution. We find that TRAPPIST-1 b shows a high dayside brightness temperature (490 $\pm$ 17 K), no significantly detectable nightside emission ($F_{\rm b, Night, max}$ = $39_{-27}^{+55}$ ppm), and no phase offset -- features consistent with a low-albedo, airless ultramafic rocky surface. TRAPPIST-1 c exhibits a lower dayside brightness temperature (369 $\pm$ 23 K), and a nightside flux statistically indistinguishable from that of TRAPPIST-1 b ($F_{\rm c, Night, max}$ = $62_{-43}^{+60}$ ppm). Atmosphere models with surface pressures $\geq$1 bar and efficient greenhouse effects are strongly disfavoured for both planets. TRAPPIST-1 b is unlikely to possess any substantial atmosphere, while TRAPPIST-1 c may retain a tenuous, greenhouse-poor O$_2$-dominated atmosphere or be similarly airless with a more reflective surface. These results suggest divergent evolutionary pathways or atmospheric loss processes, despite similar compositions. These measurements tightly constrain atmosphere retention in the inner TRAPPIST-1 system. |
| title | First JWST thermal phase curves of temperate terrestrial exoplanets reveal no thick atmosphere around TRAPPIST-1 b and c |
| topic | Earth and Planetary Astrophysics |
| url | https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.02128 |