Frequency-Domain Characterization of Load Demand from Electrified Highways
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arXiv
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| Main Authors: | , , , , |
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| Format: | Preprint |
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2025
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| _version_ | 1866918340857954304 |
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| author | Gupta, Ashutossh Kekatos, Vassilis Yang, Ruoyu Aliprantis, Dionysios Pekarek, Steve |
| author_facet | Gupta, Ashutossh Kekatos, Vassilis Yang, Ruoyu Aliprantis, Dionysios Pekarek, Steve |
| contents | Electrified roadways (ER) equipped with dynamic wireless power transfer (DWPT) capabilities can patently extend the driving range and reduce the battery size of electric vehicles (EVs). However, due to the spatial arrangement of the transmitter coils in the ER, the DWPT load exhibits frequency content that could excite power system frequency dynamics. In this context, this work aims to study the spectrum of DWPT loads under different traffic conditions. Under simplifying assumptions, we develop statistical models to identify the location and relative magnitude of DWPT load harmonics. Our analysis reveals that the fundamental frequency depends on ER coil spacing and average EV speed. In the worst-case yet unlikely scenario that EVs move in a synchronized fashion, the amplitude of harmonics scales with the EV count. On the contrary, when EVs move freely, harmonics scale with the square root of the EV count. Platoon formations can accentuate harmonics. The spectral content around harmonics decreases in magnitude and increases in bandwidth with the harmonic index. The load of a single EV moving at a time-varying speed can be modeled as a frequency-modulated (FM) signal. Despite the simplifying assumptions, the derived models offer valuable insights for ER planners and grid operators. Dynamic simulations of a modified WECC model with DWPT loads synthesized from realistic EV trajectories and ER specifications corroborate some of these insights. |
| format | Preprint |
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arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2509_02426 |
| institution | arXiv |
| publishDate | 2025 |
| record_format | arxiv |
| spellingShingle | Frequency-Domain Characterization of Load Demand from Electrified Highways Gupta, Ashutossh Kekatos, Vassilis Yang, Ruoyu Aliprantis, Dionysios Pekarek, Steve Systems and Control Signal Processing Electrified roadways (ER) equipped with dynamic wireless power transfer (DWPT) capabilities can patently extend the driving range and reduce the battery size of electric vehicles (EVs). However, due to the spatial arrangement of the transmitter coils in the ER, the DWPT load exhibits frequency content that could excite power system frequency dynamics. In this context, this work aims to study the spectrum of DWPT loads under different traffic conditions. Under simplifying assumptions, we develop statistical models to identify the location and relative magnitude of DWPT load harmonics. Our analysis reveals that the fundamental frequency depends on ER coil spacing and average EV speed. In the worst-case yet unlikely scenario that EVs move in a synchronized fashion, the amplitude of harmonics scales with the EV count. On the contrary, when EVs move freely, harmonics scale with the square root of the EV count. Platoon formations can accentuate harmonics. The spectral content around harmonics decreases in magnitude and increases in bandwidth with the harmonic index. The load of a single EV moving at a time-varying speed can be modeled as a frequency-modulated (FM) signal. Despite the simplifying assumptions, the derived models offer valuable insights for ER planners and grid operators. Dynamic simulations of a modified WECC model with DWPT loads synthesized from realistic EV trajectories and ER specifications corroborate some of these insights. |
| title | Frequency-Domain Characterization of Load Demand from Electrified Highways |
| topic | Systems and Control Signal Processing |
| url | https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.02426 |