GRB 250704B: An Off-axis Short GRB with a Long-Lived Afterglow Plateau

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Main Authors: Swain, Vishwajeet, Ahumada, Tomás, Patil, Sameer K., Wagh, Yogesh, Bhalerao, Varun, Nakar, Ehud, Kasliwal, Mansi, Hall, Xander J., Busmann, Malte, Anand, Shreya, Karambelkar, Viraj, Andreoni, Igor, Anupama, G. C., Arya, Anuraag, Balasubramanian, Arvind, Barway, Sudhanshu, Carney, Jonathan, Coughlin, Michael, Eappachen, Deepak, Freeburn, James, Gruen, Daniel, Mohan, Tanishk, O'Connor, Brendan, Palmese, Antonella, Pathak, Utkarsh, Sahu, D. K., Saikia, Aditya Pawan, Sarin, Nikhil, Srinivasaragavan, Gokul, Tanenia, Hitesh
Format: Preprint
Published: 2025
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author Swain, Vishwajeet
Ahumada, Tomás
Patil, Sameer K.
Wagh, Yogesh
Bhalerao, Varun
Nakar, Ehud
Kasliwal, Mansi
Hall, Xander J.
Busmann, Malte
Anand, Shreya
Karambelkar, Viraj
Andreoni, Igor
Anupama, G. C.
Arya, Anuraag
Balasubramanian, Arvind
Barway, Sudhanshu
Carney, Jonathan
Coughlin, Michael
Eappachen, Deepak
Freeburn, James
Gruen, Daniel
Mohan, Tanishk
O'Connor, Brendan
Palmese, Antonella
Pathak, Utkarsh
Sahu, D. K.
Saikia, Aditya Pawan
Sarin, Nikhil
Srinivasaragavan, Gokul
Tanenia, Hitesh
author_facet Swain, Vishwajeet
Ahumada, Tomás
Patil, Sameer K.
Wagh, Yogesh
Bhalerao, Varun
Nakar, Ehud
Kasliwal, Mansi
Hall, Xander J.
Busmann, Malte
Anand, Shreya
Karambelkar, Viraj
Andreoni, Igor
Anupama, G. C.
Arya, Anuraag
Balasubramanian, Arvind
Barway, Sudhanshu
Carney, Jonathan
Coughlin, Michael
Eappachen, Deepak
Freeburn, James
Gruen, Daniel
Mohan, Tanishk
O'Connor, Brendan
Palmese, Antonella
Pathak, Utkarsh
Sahu, D. K.
Saikia, Aditya Pawan
Sarin, Nikhil
Srinivasaragavan, Gokul
Tanenia, Hitesh
contents We present a detailed multi-wavelength afterglow study of the short GRB 250704B, extensively monitored in optical and near-infrared bands. Its afterglow displays an unusually long-duration plateau followed by an achromatic break and a steep decline, deviating from canonical GRB afterglows. While long plateaus are often explained by central engine activity, we find that for GRB 250704B, an energy injection model requires unreasonable parameters. The afterglow is better explained by an off-axis power-law structured jet with a narrow core ($θ_c \approx 0.7^{\circ}$) viewed at a modest angle ($θ_v \approx 1.9^{\circ}$). A comparison with GRB 170817A shows that both events are consistent with the off-axis structured jet scenario, where the shape of the light curve is governed primarily by the geometry of the jet and the viewing angle rather than the energetics, microphysical parameters, or external density. Our results underscore the importance of incorporating the jet structure in GRB modeling.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2509_02769
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle GRB 250704B: An Off-axis Short GRB with a Long-Lived Afterglow Plateau
Swain, Vishwajeet
Ahumada, Tomás
Patil, Sameer K.
Wagh, Yogesh
Bhalerao, Varun
Nakar, Ehud
Kasliwal, Mansi
Hall, Xander J.
Busmann, Malte
Anand, Shreya
Karambelkar, Viraj
Andreoni, Igor
Anupama, G. C.
Arya, Anuraag
Balasubramanian, Arvind
Barway, Sudhanshu
Carney, Jonathan
Coughlin, Michael
Eappachen, Deepak
Freeburn, James
Gruen, Daniel
Mohan, Tanishk
O'Connor, Brendan
Palmese, Antonella
Pathak, Utkarsh
Sahu, D. K.
Saikia, Aditya Pawan
Sarin, Nikhil
Srinivasaragavan, Gokul
Tanenia, Hitesh
High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
We present a detailed multi-wavelength afterglow study of the short GRB 250704B, extensively monitored in optical and near-infrared bands. Its afterglow displays an unusually long-duration plateau followed by an achromatic break and a steep decline, deviating from canonical GRB afterglows. While long plateaus are often explained by central engine activity, we find that for GRB 250704B, an energy injection model requires unreasonable parameters. The afterglow is better explained by an off-axis power-law structured jet with a narrow core ($θ_c \approx 0.7^{\circ}$) viewed at a modest angle ($θ_v \approx 1.9^{\circ}$). A comparison with GRB 170817A shows that both events are consistent with the off-axis structured jet scenario, where the shape of the light curve is governed primarily by the geometry of the jet and the viewing angle rather than the energetics, microphysical parameters, or external density. Our results underscore the importance of incorporating the jet structure in GRB modeling.
title GRB 250704B: An Off-axis Short GRB with a Long-Lived Afterglow Plateau
topic High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.02769