Oscillons and bubbles in $Q$-ball dynamics
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arXiv
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| Main Authors: | , , , , , |
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| Format: | Preprint |
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2025
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| _version_ | 1866914019208593408 |
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| author | Martínez, D. Canillas Dorey, P. Romańczukiewicz, T. Saffin, P. M. Sławińska, K. Wereszczyński, A. |
| author_facet | Martínez, D. Canillas Dorey, P. Romańczukiewicz, T. Saffin, P. M. Sławińska, K. Wereszczyński, A. |
| contents | We show that, in the thin-wall regime, $Q$-ball--anti-$Q$-ball collisions reveal chaotic behaviour. This is explained by the resonant energy transfer mechanism triggered by the internal modes hosted by the $Q$-balls and by the existence of {\it ephemeral} states, that is unstable, sometimes even short-lived, field configurations that appear as intermediate states. The most important examples of such states are the {\it bubble} of the false broken vacuum, which as intermediate states govern the $QQ^*$ annihilation, and the {\it charged oscillons}.
The usually short-lived bubble can be dynamically temporarily stabilized, which explains their importance in the dynamics of $Q$-balls. This happens due to the excitation of massless Goldstone modes, which, exerting pressure on the bubble boundaries or being trapped as bound modes, prevent the bubble from collapsing. |
| format | Preprint |
| id |
arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2509_03192 |
| institution | arXiv |
| publishDate | 2025 |
| record_format | arxiv |
| spellingShingle | Oscillons and bubbles in $Q$-ball dynamics Martínez, D. Canillas Dorey, P. Romańczukiewicz, T. Saffin, P. M. Sławińska, K. Wereszczyński, A. High Energy Physics - Theory Pattern Formation and Solitons We show that, in the thin-wall regime, $Q$-ball--anti-$Q$-ball collisions reveal chaotic behaviour. This is explained by the resonant energy transfer mechanism triggered by the internal modes hosted by the $Q$-balls and by the existence of {\it ephemeral} states, that is unstable, sometimes even short-lived, field configurations that appear as intermediate states. The most important examples of such states are the {\it bubble} of the false broken vacuum, which as intermediate states govern the $QQ^*$ annihilation, and the {\it charged oscillons}. The usually short-lived bubble can be dynamically temporarily stabilized, which explains their importance in the dynamics of $Q$-balls. This happens due to the excitation of massless Goldstone modes, which, exerting pressure on the bubble boundaries or being trapped as bound modes, prevent the bubble from collapsing. |
| title | Oscillons and bubbles in $Q$-ball dynamics |
| topic | High Energy Physics - Theory Pattern Formation and Solitons |
| url | https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.03192 |