Prospective constraints on dark energy from nanohertz individual gravitational wave sources
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arXiv
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| Autores principales: | , , , |
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| Formato: | Preprint |
| Publicado: |
2025
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| _version_ | 1866918379228495872 |
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| author | Yang, Qing Zhang, Gu-yue Huang, Yi Guo, Xiao |
| author_facet | Yang, Qing Zhang, Gu-yue Huang, Yi Guo, Xiao |
| contents | Nanohertz gravitational waves (GWs) from supermassive binary black holes (SMBBHs), detectable via pulsar timing arrays (PTAs), offer a novel avenue to constrain dark energy. Based on cosmological simulations and semi-analytic galaxy formation models, this study explores the detectability of individual nanohertz SMBBH sources using next-generation PTAs and their potential for constraining dark energy under an optimistic scenario considering only the presence of white noise. By constructing light-cone SMBBH populations across hardening timescales ($τ_H = 0.1/5/10$Gyr) and computing signal-to-noise ratios (SNR), we find advanced PTAs can resolve $10^2$--$10^3$ sources with SNR $> 8$ (primarily at $z < 1$ with chirp masses of $10^8$--$10^{10}M_{\odot}$). If electromagnetic counterparts can be identified, optimal configurations ($σ_t = 50$ns, $N_p = 1000$, $T_{\text{obs}} = 30$yr with$ τ_H \leq 5$Gyr) could constrain the dark energy equation-of-state (EoS) parameter $w$ to $Δw \sim 0.023$--$0.048$, where the constraints only exhibit weak dependence on $τ_H$ within $0.1$--$5$Gyr. If only $10\%$ of GW sources have detectable electromagnetic counterparts, constraints weaken to $Δw = 0.075$ ($τ_H = 0.1$Gyr) and $Δw = 0.162$ ($τ_H = 5$Gyr) under the most optimal parameter configuration. What's more, conservative PTAs ($N_p = 500$, $σ_t = 100$--$200$ns) with additional $30$-year data accumulation could double resolvable source counts and improve $Δw$ precision by $\sim 40\%$. |
| format | Preprint |
| id |
arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2509_03332 |
| institution | arXiv |
| publishDate | 2025 |
| record_format | arxiv |
| spellingShingle | Prospective constraints on dark energy from nanohertz individual gravitational wave sources Yang, Qing Zhang, Gu-yue Huang, Yi Guo, Xiao Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology Nanohertz gravitational waves (GWs) from supermassive binary black holes (SMBBHs), detectable via pulsar timing arrays (PTAs), offer a novel avenue to constrain dark energy. Based on cosmological simulations and semi-analytic galaxy formation models, this study explores the detectability of individual nanohertz SMBBH sources using next-generation PTAs and their potential for constraining dark energy under an optimistic scenario considering only the presence of white noise. By constructing light-cone SMBBH populations across hardening timescales ($τ_H = 0.1/5/10$Gyr) and computing signal-to-noise ratios (SNR), we find advanced PTAs can resolve $10^2$--$10^3$ sources with SNR $> 8$ (primarily at $z < 1$ with chirp masses of $10^8$--$10^{10}M_{\odot}$). If electromagnetic counterparts can be identified, optimal configurations ($σ_t = 50$ns, $N_p = 1000$, $T_{\text{obs}} = 30$yr with$ τ_H \leq 5$Gyr) could constrain the dark energy equation-of-state (EoS) parameter $w$ to $Δw \sim 0.023$--$0.048$, where the constraints only exhibit weak dependence on $τ_H$ within $0.1$--$5$Gyr. If only $10\%$ of GW sources have detectable electromagnetic counterparts, constraints weaken to $Δw = 0.075$ ($τ_H = 0.1$Gyr) and $Δw = 0.162$ ($τ_H = 5$Gyr) under the most optimal parameter configuration. What's more, conservative PTAs ($N_p = 500$, $σ_t = 100$--$200$ns) with additional $30$-year data accumulation could double resolvable source counts and improve $Δw$ precision by $\sim 40\%$. |
| title | Prospective constraints on dark energy from nanohertz individual gravitational wave sources |
| topic | Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology |
| url | https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.03332 |