A One-Particle Density Matrix Framework for Mode-Shell Correspondence: Characterizing Topology in Amorphous Higher-Order Topological Insulators

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Hauptverfasser: Martínez, Miguel F., Jezequel, Lucien, Bardarson, Jens H., Kvorning, Thomas Klein, Hannukainen, Julia D.
Format: Preprint
Veröffentlicht: 2025
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author Martínez, Miguel F.
Jezequel, Lucien
Bardarson, Jens H.
Kvorning, Thomas Klein
Hannukainen, Julia D.
author_facet Martínez, Miguel F.
Jezequel, Lucien
Bardarson, Jens H.
Kvorning, Thomas Klein
Hannukainen, Julia D.
contents We present a framework for characterizing higher-order topological phases directly from the one-particle density matrix, without any reference to an underlying Hamiltonian. Our approach extends the mode-shell correspondence, originally formulated for single-particle Hamiltonians, to Gaussian states subject to chiral constraints. In this correspondence, the mode index counts topological boundary modes, while the shell index quantifies the bulk topology in a region surrounding the modes, providing a bulk-boundary diagnostic. In one-dimensional topological insulators, the shell index reduces to the local chiral marker, recovering the winding number in the translation-invariant limit. We apply the mode-shell correspondence to a $C_4$-symmetric higher-order topological insulator with a chiral constraint and show that a fractional shell index implies that the higher-order phase is intrinsic. The one-particle density matrix is formulated in real space, so the mode-shell correspondence also applies to models without translation invariance. By introducing structural disorder into the $C_4$-symmetric higher-order insulator, we show that the mode-shell correspondence remains a meaningful diagnostic in amorphous structures. The mode-shell correspondence generalizes to interacting states with a gapped bulk spectrum in the one-particle density matrix, providing a practical and diverse route to characterize higher-order topology from the quantum state itself.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2509_03632
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle A One-Particle Density Matrix Framework for Mode-Shell Correspondence: Characterizing Topology in Amorphous Higher-Order Topological Insulators
Martínez, Miguel F.
Jezequel, Lucien
Bardarson, Jens H.
Kvorning, Thomas Klein
Hannukainen, Julia D.
Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics
Disordered Systems and Neural Networks
We present a framework for characterizing higher-order topological phases directly from the one-particle density matrix, without any reference to an underlying Hamiltonian. Our approach extends the mode-shell correspondence, originally formulated for single-particle Hamiltonians, to Gaussian states subject to chiral constraints. In this correspondence, the mode index counts topological boundary modes, while the shell index quantifies the bulk topology in a region surrounding the modes, providing a bulk-boundary diagnostic. In one-dimensional topological insulators, the shell index reduces to the local chiral marker, recovering the winding number in the translation-invariant limit. We apply the mode-shell correspondence to a $C_4$-symmetric higher-order topological insulator with a chiral constraint and show that a fractional shell index implies that the higher-order phase is intrinsic. The one-particle density matrix is formulated in real space, so the mode-shell correspondence also applies to models without translation invariance. By introducing structural disorder into the $C_4$-symmetric higher-order insulator, we show that the mode-shell correspondence remains a meaningful diagnostic in amorphous structures. The mode-shell correspondence generalizes to interacting states with a gapped bulk spectrum in the one-particle density matrix, providing a practical and diverse route to characterize higher-order topology from the quantum state itself.
title A One-Particle Density Matrix Framework for Mode-Shell Correspondence: Characterizing Topology in Amorphous Higher-Order Topological Insulators
topic Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics
Disordered Systems and Neural Networks
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.03632