Optical Fiber-Waveguide Hybrid Architecture for Mid-Infrared Ring Lasers
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arXiv
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| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Preprint |
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2025
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| _version_ | 1866914033003659264 |
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| author | An, Tinghui Fernandez, T Toney Wang, Yuchen Jiang, Yiguang Johnston, Benjamin Cozic, Solenn Poulain, Marcel Rault, Tiphaine Zhang, Long Fuerbach, Alex |
| author_facet | An, Tinghui Fernandez, T Toney Wang, Yuchen Jiang, Yiguang Johnston, Benjamin Cozic, Solenn Poulain, Marcel Rault, Tiphaine Zhang, Long Fuerbach, Alex |
| contents | We report a mid-infrared ring laser via fiber-to-waveguide hybrid integration enabled by directional couplers fabricated in fluoride glasses. Directional couplers were inscribed into fluoride glass using femtosecond laser direct writing, forming low-loss waveguides with a high positive refractive index change. The waveguides were optimized for efficient guidance at a wavelength of 2.7 {\textmu}m. Directional couplers with systematically varied coupling gap and interaction lengths were fabricated and experimentally characterized, demonstrating controllable power splitting ratios spanning from complete transmission (100:0) to balanced coupling (50:50). A directional coupler with a 7 {\textmu}m coupling gap and a 1.5 mm interaction length, providing an 80:20 power splitting ratio, was integrated with a cladding-pumped Er:ZBLAN fiber to realize a ring laser cavity. The resulting device produced stable lasing at 2716.7 nm with an output power of 14.2 mW. This work represents the first realization of a fully fiber-chip integrated mid-infrared laser source and opens new avenues for 3D photonic integration in fluoride glasses, enabling design flexibility previously unattainable in traditional fiber-optics architectures. |
| format | Preprint |
| id |
arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2509_03965 |
| institution | arXiv |
| publishDate | 2025 |
| record_format | arxiv |
| spellingShingle | Optical Fiber-Waveguide Hybrid Architecture for Mid-Infrared Ring Lasers An, Tinghui Fernandez, T Toney Wang, Yuchen Jiang, Yiguang Johnston, Benjamin Cozic, Solenn Poulain, Marcel Rault, Tiphaine Zhang, Long Fuerbach, Alex Optics 78A60, 82D30 We report a mid-infrared ring laser via fiber-to-waveguide hybrid integration enabled by directional couplers fabricated in fluoride glasses. Directional couplers were inscribed into fluoride glass using femtosecond laser direct writing, forming low-loss waveguides with a high positive refractive index change. The waveguides were optimized for efficient guidance at a wavelength of 2.7 {\textmu}m. Directional couplers with systematically varied coupling gap and interaction lengths were fabricated and experimentally characterized, demonstrating controllable power splitting ratios spanning from complete transmission (100:0) to balanced coupling (50:50). A directional coupler with a 7 {\textmu}m coupling gap and a 1.5 mm interaction length, providing an 80:20 power splitting ratio, was integrated with a cladding-pumped Er:ZBLAN fiber to realize a ring laser cavity. The resulting device produced stable lasing at 2716.7 nm with an output power of 14.2 mW. This work represents the first realization of a fully fiber-chip integrated mid-infrared laser source and opens new avenues for 3D photonic integration in fluoride glasses, enabling design flexibility previously unattainable in traditional fiber-optics architectures. |
| title | Optical Fiber-Waveguide Hybrid Architecture for Mid-Infrared Ring Lasers |
| topic | Optics 78A60, 82D30 |
| url | https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.03965 |