Orbital hybridization in graphene-based artificial atoms

Fuente: arXiv
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Main Authors: Mao, Yue, Ren, Hui-Ying, Zhou, Xiao-Feng, Sheng, Hao, Xiao, Yun-Hao, Zhuang, Yu-Chen, Ren, Ya-Ning, He, Lin, Sun, Qing-Feng
Format: Preprint
Published: 2025
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author Mao, Yue
Ren, Hui-Ying
Zhou, Xiao-Feng
Sheng, Hao
Xiao, Yun-Hao
Zhuang, Yu-Chen
Ren, Ya-Ning
He, Lin
Sun, Qing-Feng
author_facet Mao, Yue
Ren, Hui-Ying
Zhou, Xiao-Feng
Sheng, Hao
Xiao, Yun-Hao
Zhuang, Yu-Chen
Ren, Ya-Ning
He, Lin
Sun, Qing-Feng
contents Intraatomic orbital hybridization and interatomic bond formation are the two fundamental processes when real atoms are condensed to form matter. Artificial atoms mimic real atoms by demonstrating discrete energy levels attributable to quantum confinement. As such, they offer a solid-state analogue for simulating intraatomic orbital hybridization and interatomic bond formation. Signatures of interatomic bond formation has been extensively observed in various artificial atoms. However, direct evidence of the intraatomic orbital hybridization in the artificial atoms remains to be experimentally demonstrated. Here we, for the first time, realize the orbital hybridization in artificial atoms by altering the shape of the artificial atoms. The anisotropy of the confining potential gives rise to the hybridization between quasibound states with different orbital quantum numbers within the artificial atom. These hybridized orbits are directly visualized in real space in our experiment and are well reproduced by both numerical calculations and analytical derivations. Our study opens an avenue for designing artificial matter that cannot be accessed on real atoms through experiments. Moreover, the results obtained inspire the progressive control of quantum states in diverse systems.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2509_04012
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Orbital hybridization in graphene-based artificial atoms
Mao, Yue
Ren, Hui-Ying
Zhou, Xiao-Feng
Sheng, Hao
Xiao, Yun-Hao
Zhuang, Yu-Chen
Ren, Ya-Ning
He, Lin
Sun, Qing-Feng
Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics
Intraatomic orbital hybridization and interatomic bond formation are the two fundamental processes when real atoms are condensed to form matter. Artificial atoms mimic real atoms by demonstrating discrete energy levels attributable to quantum confinement. As such, they offer a solid-state analogue for simulating intraatomic orbital hybridization and interatomic bond formation. Signatures of interatomic bond formation has been extensively observed in various artificial atoms. However, direct evidence of the intraatomic orbital hybridization in the artificial atoms remains to be experimentally demonstrated. Here we, for the first time, realize the orbital hybridization in artificial atoms by altering the shape of the artificial atoms. The anisotropy of the confining potential gives rise to the hybridization between quasibound states with different orbital quantum numbers within the artificial atom. These hybridized orbits are directly visualized in real space in our experiment and are well reproduced by both numerical calculations and analytical derivations. Our study opens an avenue for designing artificial matter that cannot be accessed on real atoms through experiments. Moreover, the results obtained inspire the progressive control of quantum states in diverse systems.
title Orbital hybridization in graphene-based artificial atoms
topic Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.04012