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| Format: | Preprint |
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2025
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| Online Access: | https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.04525 |
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| _version_ | 1866916934383042560 |
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| author | Neznamov, V. P. |
| author_facet | Neznamov, V. P. |
| contents | In the standard quantum electrodynamics (QED), the fermionic vacuum is a continuum of randomly created and annihilated virtual electron-positron pairs. In this case, in the strong electromagnetic fields, vacuum creation of real electron-positron pairs is possible. In particular, in the standard QED in a strong uniform electrical field, the Schwinger effect is implemented. Currently, there exist the QED versions with empty fermionic vacuum without fluctuations of creation and annihilation of virtual electron-positron pairs. These versions are the (QED)FW in the Foldy-Wouthuysen representation, the $(QED)_{KG}$ with spinor equations of the Klein-Gordon type, the $(QED)_{DN}$ with opposite signs in front of particle and antiparticle masses in Dirac equations and with the use of only states with positive energies in S-matrix elements. The latter relates to both real and virtual energy states. In this paper, we propose to carry out a set of experiments at colliders with collisions of heavy ions to determine the nature of the fermionic vacuum. The measurements of the emission of electron-positron pairs depending on the total charge of colliding ions $Z_Σ = 146 ÷184$ show the structure of a fermionic vacuum in quantum electrodynamics. |
| format | Preprint |
| id |
arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2509_04525 |
| institution | arXiv |
| publishDate | 2025 |
| record_format | arxiv |
| spellingShingle | The possibility to experimentally determine the structure of a fermionic vacuum in quantum electrodynamics Neznamov, V. P. High Energy Physics - Phenomenology In the standard quantum electrodynamics (QED), the fermionic vacuum is a continuum of randomly created and annihilated virtual electron-positron pairs. In this case, in the strong electromagnetic fields, vacuum creation of real electron-positron pairs is possible. In particular, in the standard QED in a strong uniform electrical field, the Schwinger effect is implemented. Currently, there exist the QED versions with empty fermionic vacuum without fluctuations of creation and annihilation of virtual electron-positron pairs. These versions are the (QED)FW in the Foldy-Wouthuysen representation, the $(QED)_{KG}$ with spinor equations of the Klein-Gordon type, the $(QED)_{DN}$ with opposite signs in front of particle and antiparticle masses in Dirac equations and with the use of only states with positive energies in S-matrix elements. The latter relates to both real and virtual energy states. In this paper, we propose to carry out a set of experiments at colliders with collisions of heavy ions to determine the nature of the fermionic vacuum. The measurements of the emission of electron-positron pairs depending on the total charge of colliding ions $Z_Σ = 146 ÷184$ show the structure of a fermionic vacuum in quantum electrodynamics. |
| title | The possibility to experimentally determine the structure of a fermionic vacuum in quantum electrodynamics |
| topic | High Energy Physics - Phenomenology |
| url | https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.04525 |