Non-equilibrium Ion Transport in a Hybrid Battery Material

Fuente: arXiv
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Autores principales: Cattermull, J., Jagger, B., Cassidy, S. J., Dhir, S., Allan, P. K., Pasta, M., Goodwin, A. L.
Formato: Preprint
Publicado: 2025
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author Cattermull, J.
Jagger, B.
Cassidy, S. J.
Dhir, S.
Allan, P. K.
Pasta, M.
Goodwin, A. L.
author_facet Cattermull, J.
Jagger, B.
Cassidy, S. J.
Dhir, S.
Allan, P. K.
Pasta, M.
Goodwin, A. L.
contents Hybrid materials, which combine inorganic and molecular components, often exhibit structural flexibility that enables unusual functional responses. Among them, Prussian blue analogues (PBAs) are a promising class for post-lithium battery technologies. Here, we show that non-equilibrium transformation processes govern the charge-storage mechanism of a PBA electrode, K2Mn[Fe(CN)6]. Ostensibly, this behavior mirrors that observed in high-rate cycling of conventional cathodes such as LiFePO4, yet arises here for fundamentally different reasons -- namely, low elastic moduli and cooperative distortions inherent to the hybrid framework. Using \emph{operando} methods, we show that framework flexibility limits transport kinetics and promotes collective, metastable pathways. Our results highlight new directions for PBA cathode optimisation, but also suggest a broader relevance of non-equilibrium mechanisms for mass transport in hybrid materials beyond PBAs alone.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2509_04587
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Non-equilibrium Ion Transport in a Hybrid Battery Material
Cattermull, J.
Jagger, B.
Cassidy, S. J.
Dhir, S.
Allan, P. K.
Pasta, M.
Goodwin, A. L.
Materials Science
Hybrid materials, which combine inorganic and molecular components, often exhibit structural flexibility that enables unusual functional responses. Among them, Prussian blue analogues (PBAs) are a promising class for post-lithium battery technologies. Here, we show that non-equilibrium transformation processes govern the charge-storage mechanism of a PBA electrode, K2Mn[Fe(CN)6]. Ostensibly, this behavior mirrors that observed in high-rate cycling of conventional cathodes such as LiFePO4, yet arises here for fundamentally different reasons -- namely, low elastic moduli and cooperative distortions inherent to the hybrid framework. Using \emph{operando} methods, we show that framework flexibility limits transport kinetics and promotes collective, metastable pathways. Our results highlight new directions for PBA cathode optimisation, but also suggest a broader relevance of non-equilibrium mechanisms for mass transport in hybrid materials beyond PBAs alone.
title Non-equilibrium Ion Transport in a Hybrid Battery Material
topic Materials Science
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.04587