Saved in:
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Preprint |
| Published: |
2025
|
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.05948 |
| Tags: |
Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
|
| _version_ | 1866917063679803392 |
|---|---|
| author | Avoni, Giulio Bruschi, Marco Canale, Gianluca Citron, Zvi Cole, Brian Dahle, Eitan Dziedzic, Bartosz Glik, Bar Grosse-Perdekamp, Matthias Guo, Yhan Korcy, Krzysztof Hoppesch, Matthew Housenga, Mason Lantz, Chad Liu, Yi Longo, Riccardo Lund, Samantha MacLean, Daniel Meneghini, Stefano Milovanovic, Marco Mladenovic, Goran Mohapatra, Soumya Rafee, Farah Mohammed Moyal, Yftach Sbarra, Carla Sbrizzi, Antonio Seidlitz, Blair Shenkar, Shir Steinberg, Peter Sudit, Lion Valuch, Daniel Young, Kristopher |
| author_facet | Avoni, Giulio Bruschi, Marco Canale, Gianluca Citron, Zvi Cole, Brian Dahle, Eitan Dziedzic, Bartosz Glik, Bar Grosse-Perdekamp, Matthias Guo, Yhan Korcy, Krzysztof Hoppesch, Matthew Housenga, Mason Lantz, Chad Liu, Yi Longo, Riccardo Lund, Samantha MacLean, Daniel Meneghini, Stefano Milovanovic, Marco Mladenovic, Goran Mohapatra, Soumya Rafee, Farah Mohammed Moyal, Yftach Sbarra, Carla Sbrizzi, Antonio Seidlitz, Blair Shenkar, Shir Steinberg, Peter Sudit, Lion Valuch, Daniel Young, Kristopher |
| contents | Experimental studies of ultra-relativistic heavy ion collisions at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) depend crucially on Zero Degree Calorimeters (ZDCs) that measure neutrons produced at near-beam rapidity in nucleus-nucleus collisions. In hadronic nuclear collisions these neutrons are mainly spectator neutrons, those that do not scatter from opposing nucleons during the collision. As a result, the ZDCs provide a vital probe of heavy ion collision geometry. The ZDCs are also essential in the study of ultra-peripheral collisions that are initiated by photons associated with the electric fields of one or both nuclei. Coherent photon emission typically leaves the photon emitter intact, making the observation of no ZDC signal, on one or both sides, a tag of such processes. The ATLAS ZDCs, built prior to Run 1 were substantially upgraded for LHC Run 3. The primary upgrades included replacement of the quartz Cherenkov radiator with $\text{H}_2$-doped fused silica rods; installation of fast air-core signal cables between the ZDC and the ATLAS USA15 cavern; new LED-based calibration system; and new electronics implemented for readout and fully-digital triggering. The ZDCs were also augmented with new "Reaction Plane Detectors" (RPDs) designed to measure the transverse centroid of multi-neutron showers to allow event-by-event reconstruction of the directed-flow plane in nuclear collisions. The Run~3 ZDC detectors, including the RPDs, are described in detail with emphasis on aspects that are new for Run~3. |
| format | Preprint |
| id |
arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2509_05948 |
| institution | arXiv |
| publishDate | 2025 |
| record_format | arxiv |
| spellingShingle | Upgrades of the ATLAS Zero Degree Calorimeter System for Run 3 at the Large Hadron Collider Avoni, Giulio Bruschi, Marco Canale, Gianluca Citron, Zvi Cole, Brian Dahle, Eitan Dziedzic, Bartosz Glik, Bar Grosse-Perdekamp, Matthias Guo, Yhan Korcy, Krzysztof Hoppesch, Matthew Housenga, Mason Lantz, Chad Liu, Yi Longo, Riccardo Lund, Samantha MacLean, Daniel Meneghini, Stefano Milovanovic, Marco Mladenovic, Goran Mohapatra, Soumya Rafee, Farah Mohammed Moyal, Yftach Sbarra, Carla Sbrizzi, Antonio Seidlitz, Blair Shenkar, Shir Steinberg, Peter Sudit, Lion Valuch, Daniel Young, Kristopher Instrumentation and Detectors High Energy Physics - Experiment Nuclear Experiment Experimental studies of ultra-relativistic heavy ion collisions at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) depend crucially on Zero Degree Calorimeters (ZDCs) that measure neutrons produced at near-beam rapidity in nucleus-nucleus collisions. In hadronic nuclear collisions these neutrons are mainly spectator neutrons, those that do not scatter from opposing nucleons during the collision. As a result, the ZDCs provide a vital probe of heavy ion collision geometry. The ZDCs are also essential in the study of ultra-peripheral collisions that are initiated by photons associated with the electric fields of one or both nuclei. Coherent photon emission typically leaves the photon emitter intact, making the observation of no ZDC signal, on one or both sides, a tag of such processes. The ATLAS ZDCs, built prior to Run 1 were substantially upgraded for LHC Run 3. The primary upgrades included replacement of the quartz Cherenkov radiator with $\text{H}_2$-doped fused silica rods; installation of fast air-core signal cables between the ZDC and the ATLAS USA15 cavern; new LED-based calibration system; and new electronics implemented for readout and fully-digital triggering. The ZDCs were also augmented with new "Reaction Plane Detectors" (RPDs) designed to measure the transverse centroid of multi-neutron showers to allow event-by-event reconstruction of the directed-flow plane in nuclear collisions. The Run~3 ZDC detectors, including the RPDs, are described in detail with emphasis on aspects that are new for Run~3. |
| title | Upgrades of the ATLAS Zero Degree Calorimeter System for Run 3 at the Large Hadron Collider |
| topic | Instrumentation and Detectors High Energy Physics - Experiment Nuclear Experiment |
| url | https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.05948 |