The Molecular Inventory of TMC-1 with GOTHAM Observations
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arXiv
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| Auteurs principaux: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Preprint |
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2025
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| author | Xue, Ci Byrne, Alex N. Morgan, Larry Wenzel, Gabi Changala, P. Bryan Fried, Zachary T. P. Loomis, Ryan A. Remijan, Anthony Bergin, Edwin A. Cooke, Ilsa R. Frayer, David Burkhardt, Andrew M. Charnley, Steven B. Cordiner, Martin A. Lipnicky, Andrew McCarthy, Michael C. McGuire, Brett A. |
| author_facet | Xue, Ci Byrne, Alex N. Morgan, Larry Wenzel, Gabi Changala, P. Bryan Fried, Zachary T. P. Loomis, Ryan A. Remijan, Anthony Bergin, Edwin A. Cooke, Ilsa R. Frayer, David Burkhardt, Andrew M. Charnley, Steven B. Cordiner, Martin A. Lipnicky, Andrew McCarthy, Michael C. McGuire, Brett A. |
| contents | Spectral line surveys of the Taurus Molecular Cloud-1 (TMC-1) have led to the detection of more than 100 new molecular species, making it the most prolific source of interstellar molecular discoveries. These wide-band, high-sensitivity line surveys have been enabled by advances in telescope and receiver technology, particularly at centimeter and millimeter wavelengths. In this work, we present a statistical analysis of the molecular inventory of TMC-1 as probed by the GOTHAM large program survey from 3.9 to 36.4 GHz. To fully unlock the potential of the $\sim$29 GHz spectral bandwidth, we developed an automated pipeline for data reduction and calibration. We applied a Bayesian approach with Markov-Chain Monte Carlo fitting to the calibrated spectra and constrained column densities for 102 molecular species detected in TMC-1, including 75 main isotopic species, 20 carbon-13 substituted species, and seven deuterium-substituted species. This list of the detected gas-phase molecules is populated by unsaturated hydrocarbons, in stark contrast to the oxygen-rich organics found in sublimated ices around protostars. Of note, ten individual aromatic molecules were identified in the GOTHAM observations, contributing 0.011% of the gas-phase carbon budget probed by detected molecules when including CO and 6% when excluding CO. This work provides a reference set of observed gas-phase molecular abundances for interstellar clouds, offering a new benchmark for astrochemical theoretical models. |
| format | Preprint |
| id |
arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2509_06256 |
| institution | arXiv |
| publishDate | 2025 |
| record_format | arxiv |
| spellingShingle | The Molecular Inventory of TMC-1 with GOTHAM Observations Xue, Ci Byrne, Alex N. Morgan, Larry Wenzel, Gabi Changala, P. Bryan Fried, Zachary T. P. Loomis, Ryan A. Remijan, Anthony Bergin, Edwin A. Cooke, Ilsa R. Frayer, David Burkhardt, Andrew M. Charnley, Steven B. Cordiner, Martin A. Lipnicky, Andrew McCarthy, Michael C. McGuire, Brett A. Astrophysics of Galaxies Spectral line surveys of the Taurus Molecular Cloud-1 (TMC-1) have led to the detection of more than 100 new molecular species, making it the most prolific source of interstellar molecular discoveries. These wide-band, high-sensitivity line surveys have been enabled by advances in telescope and receiver technology, particularly at centimeter and millimeter wavelengths. In this work, we present a statistical analysis of the molecular inventory of TMC-1 as probed by the GOTHAM large program survey from 3.9 to 36.4 GHz. To fully unlock the potential of the $\sim$29 GHz spectral bandwidth, we developed an automated pipeline for data reduction and calibration. We applied a Bayesian approach with Markov-Chain Monte Carlo fitting to the calibrated spectra and constrained column densities for 102 molecular species detected in TMC-1, including 75 main isotopic species, 20 carbon-13 substituted species, and seven deuterium-substituted species. This list of the detected gas-phase molecules is populated by unsaturated hydrocarbons, in stark contrast to the oxygen-rich organics found in sublimated ices around protostars. Of note, ten individual aromatic molecules were identified in the GOTHAM observations, contributing 0.011% of the gas-phase carbon budget probed by detected molecules when including CO and 6% when excluding CO. This work provides a reference set of observed gas-phase molecular abundances for interstellar clouds, offering a new benchmark for astrochemical theoretical models. |
| title | The Molecular Inventory of TMC-1 with GOTHAM Observations |
| topic | Astrophysics of Galaxies |
| url | https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.06256 |