Enhancing Low-Altitude Airspace Security: MLLM-Enabled UAV Intent Recognition

Fuente: arXiv
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Main Authors: Lei, Guangyu, Liang, Tianhao, Ping, Yuqi, Chen, Xinglin, Zhou, Longyu, Wu, Junwei, Zhang, Xiyuan, Ding, Huahao, Zhang, Xingjian, Yuan, Weijie, Zhang, Tingting, Zhang, Qinyu
Format: Preprint
Published: 2025
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author Lei, Guangyu
Liang, Tianhao
Ping, Yuqi
Chen, Xinglin
Zhou, Longyu
Wu, Junwei
Zhang, Xiyuan
Ding, Huahao
Zhang, Xingjian
Yuan, Weijie
Zhang, Tingting
Zhang, Qinyu
author_facet Lei, Guangyu
Liang, Tianhao
Ping, Yuqi
Chen, Xinglin
Zhou, Longyu
Wu, Junwei
Zhang, Xiyuan
Ding, Huahao
Zhang, Xingjian
Yuan, Weijie
Zhang, Tingting
Zhang, Qinyu
contents The rapid development of the low-altitude economy emphasizes the critical need for effective perception and intent recognition of non-cooperative unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). The advanced generative reasoning capabilities of multimodal large language models (MLLMs) present a promising approach in such tasks. In this paper, we focus on the combination of UAV intent recognition and the MLLMs. Specifically, we first present an MLLM-enabled UAV intent recognition architecture, where the multimodal perception system is utilized to obtain real-time payload and motion information of UAVs, generating structured input information, and MLLM outputs intent recognition results by incorporating environmental information, prior knowledge, and tactical preferences. Subsequently, we review the related work and demonstrate their progress within the proposed architecture. Then, a use case for low-altitude confrontation is conducted to demonstrate the feasibility of our architecture and offer valuable insights for practical system design. Finally, the future challenges are discussed, followed by corresponding strategic recommendations for further applications.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2509_06312
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Enhancing Low-Altitude Airspace Security: MLLM-Enabled UAV Intent Recognition
Lei, Guangyu
Liang, Tianhao
Ping, Yuqi
Chen, Xinglin
Zhou, Longyu
Wu, Junwei
Zhang, Xiyuan
Ding, Huahao
Zhang, Xingjian
Yuan, Weijie
Zhang, Tingting
Zhang, Qinyu
Systems and Control
Machine Learning
68T07, 68T45, 93C85, 94A12
I.2.10; I.2.6; I.2.9; C.2.1
The rapid development of the low-altitude economy emphasizes the critical need for effective perception and intent recognition of non-cooperative unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). The advanced generative reasoning capabilities of multimodal large language models (MLLMs) present a promising approach in such tasks. In this paper, we focus on the combination of UAV intent recognition and the MLLMs. Specifically, we first present an MLLM-enabled UAV intent recognition architecture, where the multimodal perception system is utilized to obtain real-time payload and motion information of UAVs, generating structured input information, and MLLM outputs intent recognition results by incorporating environmental information, prior knowledge, and tactical preferences. Subsequently, we review the related work and demonstrate their progress within the proposed architecture. Then, a use case for low-altitude confrontation is conducted to demonstrate the feasibility of our architecture and offer valuable insights for practical system design. Finally, the future challenges are discussed, followed by corresponding strategic recommendations for further applications.
title Enhancing Low-Altitude Airspace Security: MLLM-Enabled UAV Intent Recognition
topic Systems and Control
Machine Learning
68T07, 68T45, 93C85, 94A12
I.2.10; I.2.6; I.2.9; C.2.1
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.06312