Human-Hardware-in-the-Loop simulations for systemic resilience assessment in cyber-socio-technical systems
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arXiv
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| Main Authors: | , , , , |
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| Format: | Preprint |
| Published: |
2025
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| _version_ | 1866916939808374784 |
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| author | Simone, Francesco Bortolini, Marco Mazzuto, Giovanni di Gravio, Giulio Patriarca, Riccardo |
| author_facet | Simone, Francesco Bortolini, Marco Mazzuto, Giovanni di Gravio, Giulio Patriarca, Riccardo |
| contents | Modern industrial systems require updated approaches to safety management, as the tight interplay between cyber-physical, human, and organizational factors has driven their processes toward increasing complexity. In addition to dealing with known risks, managing system resilience acquires great value to address complex behaviors pragmatically. This manuscript starts from the System-Theoretic Accident Model and Processes (STAMP) as a modelling initiative for such complexity. The STAMP can be natively integrated with simulation-based approaches, which however fail to realistically represent human behaviors and their influence on the system performance. To overcome this limitation, this paper proposes a Human-Hardware-in-the-Loop (HHIL) modeling and simulation framework aimed at supporting a more realistic and comprehensive assessments of systemic resilience. The approach is tested on an experimental oil and gas plant experiencing cyber-attacks, where two personas of operators (experts and novices) work. This research provides a mean to quantitatively assess how variations in operator behavior impact the overall system performance, offering insights into how resilience should be understood and implemented in complex socio-technical systems at large. |
| format | Preprint |
| id |
arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2509_06657 |
| institution | arXiv |
| publishDate | 2025 |
| record_format | arxiv |
| spellingShingle | Human-Hardware-in-the-Loop simulations for systemic resilience assessment in cyber-socio-technical systems Simone, Francesco Bortolini, Marco Mazzuto, Giovanni di Gravio, Giulio Patriarca, Riccardo Systems and Control Modern industrial systems require updated approaches to safety management, as the tight interplay between cyber-physical, human, and organizational factors has driven their processes toward increasing complexity. In addition to dealing with known risks, managing system resilience acquires great value to address complex behaviors pragmatically. This manuscript starts from the System-Theoretic Accident Model and Processes (STAMP) as a modelling initiative for such complexity. The STAMP can be natively integrated with simulation-based approaches, which however fail to realistically represent human behaviors and their influence on the system performance. To overcome this limitation, this paper proposes a Human-Hardware-in-the-Loop (HHIL) modeling and simulation framework aimed at supporting a more realistic and comprehensive assessments of systemic resilience. The approach is tested on an experimental oil and gas plant experiencing cyber-attacks, where two personas of operators (experts and novices) work. This research provides a mean to quantitatively assess how variations in operator behavior impact the overall system performance, offering insights into how resilience should be understood and implemented in complex socio-technical systems at large. |
| title | Human-Hardware-in-the-Loop simulations for systemic resilience assessment in cyber-socio-technical systems |
| topic | Systems and Control |
| url | https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.06657 |