Probabilistic Modeling of Latent Agentic Substructures in Deep Neural Networks

Fuente: arXiv
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Main Authors: Lee, Su Hyeong, Kondor, Risi, Ngo, Richard
Format: Preprint
Published: 2025
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author Lee, Su Hyeong
Kondor, Risi
Ngo, Richard
author_facet Lee, Su Hyeong
Kondor, Risi
Ngo, Richard
contents We develop a theory of intelligent agency grounded in probabilistic modeling for neural models. Agents are represented as outcome distributions with epistemic utility given by log score, and compositions are defined through weighted logarithmic pooling that strictly improves every member's welfare. We prove that strict unanimity is impossible under linear pooling or in binary outcome spaces, but possible with three or more outcomes. Our framework admits recursive structure via cloning invariance, continuity, and openness, while tilt-based analysis rules out trivial duplication. Finally, we formalize an agentic alignment phenomenon in LLMs using our theory: eliciting a benevolent persona ("Luigi'") induces an antagonistic counterpart ("Waluigi"), while a manifest-then-suppress Waluigi strategy yields strictly larger first-order misalignment reduction than pure Luigi reinforcement alone. These results clarify how developing a principled mathematical framework for how subagents can coalesce into coherent higher-level entities provides novel implications for alignment in agentic AI systems.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2509_06701
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Probabilistic Modeling of Latent Agentic Substructures in Deep Neural Networks
Lee, Su Hyeong
Kondor, Risi
Ngo, Richard
Machine Learning
Artificial Intelligence
We develop a theory of intelligent agency grounded in probabilistic modeling for neural models. Agents are represented as outcome distributions with epistemic utility given by log score, and compositions are defined through weighted logarithmic pooling that strictly improves every member's welfare. We prove that strict unanimity is impossible under linear pooling or in binary outcome spaces, but possible with three or more outcomes. Our framework admits recursive structure via cloning invariance, continuity, and openness, while tilt-based analysis rules out trivial duplication. Finally, we formalize an agentic alignment phenomenon in LLMs using our theory: eliciting a benevolent persona ("Luigi'") induces an antagonistic counterpart ("Waluigi"), while a manifest-then-suppress Waluigi strategy yields strictly larger first-order misalignment reduction than pure Luigi reinforcement alone. These results clarify how developing a principled mathematical framework for how subagents can coalesce into coherent higher-level entities provides novel implications for alignment in agentic AI systems.
title Probabilistic Modeling of Latent Agentic Substructures in Deep Neural Networks
topic Machine Learning
Artificial Intelligence
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.06701