Bias in Gender Bias Benchmarks: How Spurious Features Distort Evaluation

Fuente: arXiv
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Autores principales: Hirota, Yusuke, Hachiuma, Ryo, Li, Boyi, Lu, Ximing, Boone, Michael Ross, Ivanovic, Boris, Choi, Yejin, Pavone, Marco, Wang, Yu-Chiang Frank, Garcia, Noa, Nakashima, Yuta, Yang, Chao-Han Huck
Formato: Preprint
Publicado: 2025
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author Hirota, Yusuke
Hachiuma, Ryo
Li, Boyi
Lu, Ximing
Boone, Michael Ross
Ivanovic, Boris
Choi, Yejin
Pavone, Marco
Wang, Yu-Chiang Frank
Garcia, Noa
Nakashima, Yuta
Yang, Chao-Han Huck
author_facet Hirota, Yusuke
Hachiuma, Ryo
Li, Boyi
Lu, Ximing
Boone, Michael Ross
Ivanovic, Boris
Choi, Yejin
Pavone, Marco
Wang, Yu-Chiang Frank
Garcia, Noa
Nakashima, Yuta
Yang, Chao-Han Huck
contents Gender bias in vision-language foundation models (VLMs) raises concerns about their safe deployment and is typically evaluated using benchmarks with gender annotations on real-world images. However, as these benchmarks often contain spurious correlations between gender and non-gender features, such as objects and backgrounds, we identify a critical oversight in gender bias evaluation: Do spurious features distort gender bias evaluation? To address this question, we systematically perturb non-gender features across four widely used benchmarks (COCO-gender, FACET, MIAP, and PHASE) and various VLMs to quantify their impact on bias evaluation. Our findings reveal that even minimal perturbations, such as masking just 10% of objects or weakly blurring backgrounds, can dramatically alter bias scores, shifting metrics by up to 175% in generative VLMs and 43% in CLIP variants. This suggests that current bias evaluations often reflect model responses to spurious features rather than gender bias, undermining their reliability. Since creating spurious feature-free benchmarks is fundamentally challenging, we recommend reporting bias metrics alongside feature-sensitivity measurements to enable a more reliable bias assessment.
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id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2509_07596
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Bias in Gender Bias Benchmarks: How Spurious Features Distort Evaluation
Hirota, Yusuke
Hachiuma, Ryo
Li, Boyi
Lu, Ximing
Boone, Michael Ross
Ivanovic, Boris
Choi, Yejin
Pavone, Marco
Wang, Yu-Chiang Frank
Garcia, Noa
Nakashima, Yuta
Yang, Chao-Han Huck
Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition
Gender bias in vision-language foundation models (VLMs) raises concerns about their safe deployment and is typically evaluated using benchmarks with gender annotations on real-world images. However, as these benchmarks often contain spurious correlations between gender and non-gender features, such as objects and backgrounds, we identify a critical oversight in gender bias evaluation: Do spurious features distort gender bias evaluation? To address this question, we systematically perturb non-gender features across four widely used benchmarks (COCO-gender, FACET, MIAP, and PHASE) and various VLMs to quantify their impact on bias evaluation. Our findings reveal that even minimal perturbations, such as masking just 10% of objects or weakly blurring backgrounds, can dramatically alter bias scores, shifting metrics by up to 175% in generative VLMs and 43% in CLIP variants. This suggests that current bias evaluations often reflect model responses to spurious features rather than gender bias, undermining their reliability. Since creating spurious feature-free benchmarks is fundamentally challenging, we recommend reporting bias metrics alongside feature-sensitivity measurements to enable a more reliable bias assessment.
title Bias in Gender Bias Benchmarks: How Spurious Features Distort Evaluation
topic Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.07596