Cavity-induced Eliashberg effect: superconductivity vs charge density wave
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arXiv
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| Format: | Preprint |
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2025
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| _version_ | 1866915486996889600 |
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| author | Islam, Md Mursalin Pini, Michele Flores-Calderón, R. Piazza, Francesco |
| author_facet | Islam, Md Mursalin Pini, Michele Flores-Calderón, R. Piazza, Francesco |
| contents | Recent experiments have shown that non-equilibrium effects can play a key role in cavity-based control of material phases, notably in systems with charge-density-wave order. Motivated by this, we extend the theory of the Eliashberg effect, originally developed for superconducting phases, to charge-density-wave phases. Starting from a minimal electronic model where superconductivity and charge-density-wave order are equivalent at equilibrium, we introduce coupling to cavity photons, which are in turn coupled to an environment at a temperature different from the one of the electronic environment. This drives the system into a non-thermal steady state, which breaks the equivalence between superconductivity and charge-density-wave order. In the superconducting case, we recover the known behavior: a shift from continuous to discontinuous phase transitions with bistability. In contrast, the charge-density-wave case displays richer behavior: tuning the cavity frequency induces both continuous and discontinuous transitions, two distinct ordered phases, and a bistable regime ending at a critical point. These findings demonstrate that the scope of cavity-based non-thermal control of quantum materials is broader than at thermal equilibrium, and strongly depends on the targeted phases. |
| format | Preprint |
| id |
arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2509_07865 |
| institution | arXiv |
| publishDate | 2025 |
| record_format | arxiv |
| spellingShingle | Cavity-induced Eliashberg effect: superconductivity vs charge density wave Islam, Md Mursalin Pini, Michele Flores-Calderón, R. Piazza, Francesco Strongly Correlated Electrons Statistical Mechanics Superconductivity Recent experiments have shown that non-equilibrium effects can play a key role in cavity-based control of material phases, notably in systems with charge-density-wave order. Motivated by this, we extend the theory of the Eliashberg effect, originally developed for superconducting phases, to charge-density-wave phases. Starting from a minimal electronic model where superconductivity and charge-density-wave order are equivalent at equilibrium, we introduce coupling to cavity photons, which are in turn coupled to an environment at a temperature different from the one of the electronic environment. This drives the system into a non-thermal steady state, which breaks the equivalence between superconductivity and charge-density-wave order. In the superconducting case, we recover the known behavior: a shift from continuous to discontinuous phase transitions with bistability. In contrast, the charge-density-wave case displays richer behavior: tuning the cavity frequency induces both continuous and discontinuous transitions, two distinct ordered phases, and a bistable regime ending at a critical point. These findings demonstrate that the scope of cavity-based non-thermal control of quantum materials is broader than at thermal equilibrium, and strongly depends on the targeted phases. |
| title | Cavity-induced Eliashberg effect: superconductivity vs charge density wave |
| topic | Strongly Correlated Electrons Statistical Mechanics Superconductivity |
| url | https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.07865 |