Customizing the Inductive Biases of Softmax Attention using Structured Matrices

Fuente: arXiv
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Hauptverfasser: Kuang, Yilun, Amsel, Noah, Lotfi, Sanae, Qiu, Shikai, Potapczynski, Andres, Wilson, Andrew Gordon
Format: Preprint
Veröffentlicht: 2025
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author Kuang, Yilun
Amsel, Noah
Lotfi, Sanae
Qiu, Shikai
Potapczynski, Andres
Wilson, Andrew Gordon
author_facet Kuang, Yilun
Amsel, Noah
Lotfi, Sanae
Qiu, Shikai
Potapczynski, Andres
Wilson, Andrew Gordon
contents The core component of attention is the scoring function, which transforms the inputs into low-dimensional queries and keys and takes the dot product of each pair. While the low-dimensional projection improves efficiency, it causes information loss for certain tasks that have intrinsically high-dimensional inputs. Additionally, attention uses the same scoring function for all input pairs, without imposing a distance-dependent compute bias for neighboring tokens in the sequence. In this work, we address these shortcomings by proposing new scoring functions based on computationally efficient structured matrices with high ranks, including Block Tensor-Train (BTT) and Multi-Level Low Rank (MLR) matrices. On in-context regression tasks with high-dimensional inputs, our proposed scoring functions outperform standard attention for any fixed compute budget. On language modeling, a task that exhibits locality patterns, our MLR-based attention method achieves improved scaling laws compared to both standard attention and variants of sliding window attention. Additionally, we show that both BTT and MLR fall under a broader family of efficient structured matrices capable of encoding either full-rank or distance-dependent compute biases, thereby addressing significant shortcomings of standard attention. Finally, we show that MLR attention has promising results for long-range time-series forecasting.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2509_07963
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Customizing the Inductive Biases of Softmax Attention using Structured Matrices
Kuang, Yilun
Amsel, Noah
Lotfi, Sanae
Qiu, Shikai
Potapczynski, Andres
Wilson, Andrew Gordon
Machine Learning
The core component of attention is the scoring function, which transforms the inputs into low-dimensional queries and keys and takes the dot product of each pair. While the low-dimensional projection improves efficiency, it causes information loss for certain tasks that have intrinsically high-dimensional inputs. Additionally, attention uses the same scoring function for all input pairs, without imposing a distance-dependent compute bias for neighboring tokens in the sequence. In this work, we address these shortcomings by proposing new scoring functions based on computationally efficient structured matrices with high ranks, including Block Tensor-Train (BTT) and Multi-Level Low Rank (MLR) matrices. On in-context regression tasks with high-dimensional inputs, our proposed scoring functions outperform standard attention for any fixed compute budget. On language modeling, a task that exhibits locality patterns, our MLR-based attention method achieves improved scaling laws compared to both standard attention and variants of sliding window attention. Additionally, we show that both BTT and MLR fall under a broader family of efficient structured matrices capable of encoding either full-rank or distance-dependent compute biases, thereby addressing significant shortcomings of standard attention. Finally, we show that MLR attention has promising results for long-range time-series forecasting.
title Customizing the Inductive Biases of Softmax Attention using Structured Matrices
topic Machine Learning
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.07963