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Main Authors: Saunders, Benedict, Hörmann, Lukas, Maurer, Reinhard J.
Format: Preprint
Published: 2025
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Online Access:https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.08352
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author Saunders, Benedict
Hörmann, Lukas
Maurer, Reinhard J.
author_facet Saunders, Benedict
Hörmann, Lukas
Maurer, Reinhard J.
contents Graphene has been studied in detail due to its mechanical, electrical, and thermal properties. It is well documented that the introduction of dopants or defects in the lattice can be used to tune material properties for a specific application, such as in electronics, sensors, or catalysis. To design graphene with specific properties, one must achieve control over the composition and concentration of defects. This requires a fundamental understanding of the stability of defects and their interaction in a superstructure. We present a comprehensive defect structure determination approach that enables close to exhaustive enumeration of all relevant defect structures. The approach uses a combination of Density Functional Theory and machine learning to build a transferable energy model for defect formation. Henceforth, we show the capabilities of our approach for a proof-of-principle application on free-standing graphene with heteroatom defects. This allows us to provide physical insights into defect interactions and to establish a thermodynamic model to investigate how temperature affects the configuration space of doped graphene.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2509_08352
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Comprehensive Structure Exploration and Thermodynamics of Heteroatom Doped Graphene Superstructures
Saunders, Benedict
Hörmann, Lukas
Maurer, Reinhard J.
Materials Science
Statistical Mechanics
Graphene has been studied in detail due to its mechanical, electrical, and thermal properties. It is well documented that the introduction of dopants or defects in the lattice can be used to tune material properties for a specific application, such as in electronics, sensors, or catalysis. To design graphene with specific properties, one must achieve control over the composition and concentration of defects. This requires a fundamental understanding of the stability of defects and their interaction in a superstructure. We present a comprehensive defect structure determination approach that enables close to exhaustive enumeration of all relevant defect structures. The approach uses a combination of Density Functional Theory and machine learning to build a transferable energy model for defect formation. Henceforth, we show the capabilities of our approach for a proof-of-principle application on free-standing graphene with heteroatom defects. This allows us to provide physical insights into defect interactions and to establish a thermodynamic model to investigate how temperature affects the configuration space of doped graphene.
title Comprehensive Structure Exploration and Thermodynamics of Heteroatom Doped Graphene Superstructures
topic Materials Science
Statistical Mechanics
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.08352