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Main Authors: Sträng, Hugo, Dinh, Tai
Format: Preprint
Published: 2025
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Online Access:https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.08625
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author Sträng, Hugo
Dinh, Tai
author_facet Sträng, Hugo
Dinh, Tai
contents The silhouette coefficient quantifies, for each observation, the balance between within-cluster cohesion and between-cluster separation, taking values in the range [-1,1]. The average silhouette width (ASW) is a widely used internal measure of clustering quality, with higher values indicating more cohesive and well-separated clusters. However, the dataset-specific maximum of ASW is typically unknown, and the standard upper limit of 1 is rarely attainable. In this work, we derive for each data point a sharp upper bound on its silhouette width and aggregate these to obtain a canonical upper bound for the ASW. This bound-often substantially below 1-enhances the interpretability of empirical ASW values by providing guidance on how close a given clustering result is to the best possible outcome for that dataset. We evaluate the usefulness of the upper bound on a variety of datasets and conclude that it can meaningfully enrich cluster quality evaluation; however, its practical relevance depends on the specific dataset. Finally, we extend the framework to establish an upper bound for the macro-averaged silhouette.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2509_08625
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle An upper bound on the silhouette evaluation metric for clustering
Sträng, Hugo
Dinh, Tai
Machine Learning
The silhouette coefficient quantifies, for each observation, the balance between within-cluster cohesion and between-cluster separation, taking values in the range [-1,1]. The average silhouette width (ASW) is a widely used internal measure of clustering quality, with higher values indicating more cohesive and well-separated clusters. However, the dataset-specific maximum of ASW is typically unknown, and the standard upper limit of 1 is rarely attainable. In this work, we derive for each data point a sharp upper bound on its silhouette width and aggregate these to obtain a canonical upper bound for the ASW. This bound-often substantially below 1-enhances the interpretability of empirical ASW values by providing guidance on how close a given clustering result is to the best possible outcome for that dataset. We evaluate the usefulness of the upper bound on a variety of datasets and conclude that it can meaningfully enrich cluster quality evaluation; however, its practical relevance depends on the specific dataset. Finally, we extend the framework to establish an upper bound for the macro-averaged silhouette.
title An upper bound on the silhouette evaluation metric for clustering
topic Machine Learning
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.08625