Attractor of hydrodynamic attractors
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arXiv
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| Main Authors: | , |
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| Format: | Preprint |
| Published: |
2025
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| _version_ | 1866911149069434880 |
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| author | Chen, Shile Shi, Shuzhe |
| author_facet | Chen, Shile Shi, Shuzhe |
| contents | Understanding how hydrodynamics emerges rapidly in the medium produced by relativistic heavy-ion collisions remains a key theoretical challenge. While the attractor solution -- manifesting as a non-thermal fixed point during the early evolution stage -- offers a potential explanation, it does not fully account for how far-from-equilibrium systems quickly approach near-equilibrium states. In this Letter, we demonstrate that the attractor in a higher-order hydrodynamic theory converges to the same solution as a second-order theory before reaching the Navier--Stokes limit. This finding suggests that commonly used second-order hydrodynamic equations, provided they incorporate the correct transport coefficients, are adequate to approximate the system's behavior starting from an intermediate time -- even when using a higher-order theory that would be more suitable for describing the far-from-equilibrium evolution. |
| format | Preprint |
| id |
arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2509_08864 |
| institution | arXiv |
| publishDate | 2025 |
| record_format | arxiv |
| spellingShingle | Attractor of hydrodynamic attractors Chen, Shile Shi, Shuzhe Nuclear Theory High Energy Physics - Phenomenology Understanding how hydrodynamics emerges rapidly in the medium produced by relativistic heavy-ion collisions remains a key theoretical challenge. While the attractor solution -- manifesting as a non-thermal fixed point during the early evolution stage -- offers a potential explanation, it does not fully account for how far-from-equilibrium systems quickly approach near-equilibrium states. In this Letter, we demonstrate that the attractor in a higher-order hydrodynamic theory converges to the same solution as a second-order theory before reaching the Navier--Stokes limit. This finding suggests that commonly used second-order hydrodynamic equations, provided they incorporate the correct transport coefficients, are adequate to approximate the system's behavior starting from an intermediate time -- even when using a higher-order theory that would be more suitable for describing the far-from-equilibrium evolution. |
| title | Attractor of hydrodynamic attractors |
| topic | Nuclear Theory High Energy Physics - Phenomenology |
| url | https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.08864 |