A New Boundary Condition on Reionization

Fuente: arXiv
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Auteurs principaux: Libanore, Sarah, Kovetz, Ely D., Munoz, Julian B., Sklansky, Yonatan, Thélie, Emilie
Format: Preprint
Publié: 2025
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author Libanore, Sarah
Kovetz, Ely D.
Munoz, Julian B.
Sklansky, Yonatan
Thélie, Emilie
author_facet Libanore, Sarah
Kovetz, Ely D.
Munoz, Julian B.
Sklansky, Yonatan
Thélie, Emilie
contents The epoch of reionization (EoR) marks the last phase transition of hydrogen in our Universe, as it evolves from cold and neutral to hot and ionized in the intergalactic medium (IGM). While its endpoint and duration can be estimated from current observations, albeit with large uncertainties, there is no known avenue to constrain its onset. We propose a novel method based on the Pearson cross-correlation coefficient between 21-cm brightness temperature maps and line-intensity maps tracing star-formation (e.g., OIII, CO, CII). This real-space estimator evolves from negative to positive as X-ray heating progresses, and saturates prior to the EoR. We predict a sharp turnover from saturation during the earliest EoR stages, when the IGM ionized fraction reaches $\bar{x}_{\rm HII}\sim 1\%-10\%$. We show that in standard scenarios, where the IGM heating precedes reionization, the turnover is a clear, model-robust signature. Its detection will provide a unique observational anchor for the EoR onset, complementing existing probes and tightening constraints on early galaxy formation models.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2509_08886
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle A New Boundary Condition on Reionization
Libanore, Sarah
Kovetz, Ely D.
Munoz, Julian B.
Sklansky, Yonatan
Thélie, Emilie
Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
The epoch of reionization (EoR) marks the last phase transition of hydrogen in our Universe, as it evolves from cold and neutral to hot and ionized in the intergalactic medium (IGM). While its endpoint and duration can be estimated from current observations, albeit with large uncertainties, there is no known avenue to constrain its onset. We propose a novel method based on the Pearson cross-correlation coefficient between 21-cm brightness temperature maps and line-intensity maps tracing star-formation (e.g., OIII, CO, CII). This real-space estimator evolves from negative to positive as X-ray heating progresses, and saturates prior to the EoR. We predict a sharp turnover from saturation during the earliest EoR stages, when the IGM ionized fraction reaches $\bar{x}_{\rm HII}\sim 1\%-10\%$. We show that in standard scenarios, where the IGM heating precedes reionization, the turnover is a clear, model-robust signature. Its detection will provide a unique observational anchor for the EoR onset, complementing existing probes and tightening constraints on early galaxy formation models.
title A New Boundary Condition on Reionization
topic Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.08886