Generative quantum advantage for classical and quantum problems

Fuente: arXiv
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Main Authors: Huang, Hsin-Yuan, Broughton, Michael, Eassa, Norhan, Neven, Hartmut, Babbush, Ryan, McClean, Jarrod R.
Format: Preprint
Published: 2025
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author Huang, Hsin-Yuan
Broughton, Michael
Eassa, Norhan
Neven, Hartmut
Babbush, Ryan
McClean, Jarrod R.
author_facet Huang, Hsin-Yuan
Broughton, Michael
Eassa, Norhan
Neven, Hartmut
Babbush, Ryan
McClean, Jarrod R.
contents Recent breakthroughs in generative machine learning, powered by massive computational resources, have demonstrated unprecedented human-like capabilities. While beyond-classical quantum experiments can generate samples from classically intractable distributions, their complexity has thwarted all efforts toward efficient learning. This challenge has hindered demonstrations of generative quantum advantage: the ability of quantum computers to learn and generate desired outputs substantially better than classical computers. We resolve this challenge by introducing families of generative quantum models that are hard to simulate classically, are efficiently trainable, exhibit no barren plateaus or proliferating local minima, and can learn to generate distributions beyond the reach of classical computers. Using a $68$-qubit superconducting quantum processor, we demonstrate these capabilities in two scenarios: learning classically intractable probability distributions and learning quantum circuits for accelerated physical simulation. Our results establish that both learning and sampling can be performed efficiently in the beyond-classical regime, opening new possibilities for quantum-enhanced generative models with provable advantage.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2509_09033
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Generative quantum advantage for classical and quantum problems
Huang, Hsin-Yuan
Broughton, Michael
Eassa, Norhan
Neven, Hartmut
Babbush, Ryan
McClean, Jarrod R.
Quantum Physics
Machine Learning
Recent breakthroughs in generative machine learning, powered by massive computational resources, have demonstrated unprecedented human-like capabilities. While beyond-classical quantum experiments can generate samples from classically intractable distributions, their complexity has thwarted all efforts toward efficient learning. This challenge has hindered demonstrations of generative quantum advantage: the ability of quantum computers to learn and generate desired outputs substantially better than classical computers. We resolve this challenge by introducing families of generative quantum models that are hard to simulate classically, are efficiently trainable, exhibit no barren plateaus or proliferating local minima, and can learn to generate distributions beyond the reach of classical computers. Using a $68$-qubit superconducting quantum processor, we demonstrate these capabilities in two scenarios: learning classically intractable probability distributions and learning quantum circuits for accelerated physical simulation. Our results establish that both learning and sampling can be performed efficiently in the beyond-classical regime, opening new possibilities for quantum-enhanced generative models with provable advantage.
title Generative quantum advantage for classical and quantum problems
topic Quantum Physics
Machine Learning
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.09033