Time Crystals in Actively Mode-locked Lasers

Fuente: arXiv
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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Weng, Ruiling, Koch, Elias R., Yelo-Sarrión, Jesús, Batle, Josep, Broderick, Neil G. R., Javaloyes, Julien, Gurevich, Svetlana V.
Format: Preprint
Published: 2025
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_version_ 1866918139133952000
author Weng, Ruiling
Koch, Elias R.
Yelo-Sarrión, Jesús
Batle, Josep
Broderick, Neil G. R.
Javaloyes, Julien
Gurevich, Svetlana V.
author_facet Weng, Ruiling
Koch, Elias R.
Yelo-Sarrión, Jesús
Batle, Josep
Broderick, Neil G. R.
Javaloyes, Julien
Gurevich, Svetlana V.
contents We report the first experimental observation of discrete time-crystal phases and crystallites in an actively mode-locked semiconductor laser. By tuning either the bias current or the modulation frequency, the system undergoes a spontaneous symmetry-breaking transition from the harmonically mode-locked state towards robust, highly coherent time-crystal states that persist indefinitely. Two equivalent time-crystal configurations, shifted by one driving period, can coexist as domains separated by sharp, long-lived boundaries analogous to domain walls. The phenomenon is quantitatively reproduced by a time-delayed model adapted to the large gain and losses of semiconductor systems. Our findings demonstrate that mode-locked semiconductor lasers offer a readily accessible platform to explore and control non-equilibrium phases of light, enabling practical implementations of time-crystal physics in photonic systems.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2509_09230
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Time Crystals in Actively Mode-locked Lasers
Weng, Ruiling
Koch, Elias R.
Yelo-Sarrión, Jesús
Batle, Josep
Broderick, Neil G. R.
Javaloyes, Julien
Gurevich, Svetlana V.
Optics
We report the first experimental observation of discrete time-crystal phases and crystallites in an actively mode-locked semiconductor laser. By tuning either the bias current or the modulation frequency, the system undergoes a spontaneous symmetry-breaking transition from the harmonically mode-locked state towards robust, highly coherent time-crystal states that persist indefinitely. Two equivalent time-crystal configurations, shifted by one driving period, can coexist as domains separated by sharp, long-lived boundaries analogous to domain walls. The phenomenon is quantitatively reproduced by a time-delayed model adapted to the large gain and losses of semiconductor systems. Our findings demonstrate that mode-locked semiconductor lasers offer a readily accessible platform to explore and control non-equilibrium phases of light, enabling practical implementations of time-crystal physics in photonic systems.
title Time Crystals in Actively Mode-locked Lasers
topic Optics
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.09230