The universal growth of magnetic energy during the nonlinear phase of subsonic and supersonic small-scale dynamos

Fuente: arXiv
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Auteurs principaux: Kriel, Neco, Beattie, James R., Krumholz, Mark R., Schober, Jennifer, Armstrong, Patrick J.
Format: Preprint
Publié: 2025
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author Kriel, Neco
Beattie, James R.
Krumholz, Mark R.
Schober, Jennifer
Armstrong, Patrick J.
author_facet Kriel, Neco
Beattie, James R.
Krumholz, Mark R.
Schober, Jennifer
Armstrong, Patrick J.
contents Small-scale dynamos (SSDs) amplify magnetic fields in turbulent plasmas. Theory predicts nonlinear magnetic energy growth $E_\mathrm{mag} \propto t^{p_\mathrm{nl}}$, but this scaling has not been tested across flow regimes. Using a large ensemble of SSD simulations spanning subsonic to supersonic turbulence, we measure linear growth ($p_\mathrm{nl} = 1$) in subsonic flows and quadratic growth ($p_\mathrm{nl} = 2$) in supersonic flows. In all cases, the nonlinear dynamo converts a nearly constant fraction $\sim 1/100$ of the turbulent kinetic energy flux into magnetic energy, and the nonlinear phase has a characteristic duration $Δt \approx 20\,t_0$, where $t_0$ is the outer-scale turnover time. By isolating the onset of magnetic backreaction in SSDs, our statistical ensemble approach identifies a robust efficiency and duration for the nonlinear SSD that can be used to interpret more complex astrophysical and laboratory plasmas.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2509_09949
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle The universal growth of magnetic energy during the nonlinear phase of subsonic and supersonic small-scale dynamos
Kriel, Neco
Beattie, James R.
Krumholz, Mark R.
Schober, Jennifer
Armstrong, Patrick J.
Plasma Physics
Computational Physics
Small-scale dynamos (SSDs) amplify magnetic fields in turbulent plasmas. Theory predicts nonlinear magnetic energy growth $E_\mathrm{mag} \propto t^{p_\mathrm{nl}}$, but this scaling has not been tested across flow regimes. Using a large ensemble of SSD simulations spanning subsonic to supersonic turbulence, we measure linear growth ($p_\mathrm{nl} = 1$) in subsonic flows and quadratic growth ($p_\mathrm{nl} = 2$) in supersonic flows. In all cases, the nonlinear dynamo converts a nearly constant fraction $\sim 1/100$ of the turbulent kinetic energy flux into magnetic energy, and the nonlinear phase has a characteristic duration $Δt \approx 20\,t_0$, where $t_0$ is the outer-scale turnover time. By isolating the onset of magnetic backreaction in SSDs, our statistical ensemble approach identifies a robust efficiency and duration for the nonlinear SSD that can be used to interpret more complex astrophysical and laboratory plasmas.
title The universal growth of magnetic energy during the nonlinear phase of subsonic and supersonic small-scale dynamos
topic Plasma Physics
Computational Physics
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.09949