A four-planet system orbiting the old thick disk star TOI-1203

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Main Authors:	Gandolfi, D., Alnajjarine, A., Serrano, L. M., Egger, J. A., Lam, K. W. F., Cabrera, J., Hatzes, A. P., Fridlund, M., Gili, M. Garbaccio, Wilson, T. G., Cochran, W. D., Brandeker, A., Goffo, E., Sousa, S. G., Nowak, G., Heitzmann, A., Hellier, C., Venturini, J., Livingston, J., Bonfanti, A., Barragán, O., Adibekyan, V., Knudstrup, E., Alibert, Y., Grziwa, S., Ziegler, C., Fossati, L., Murgas, F., Correia, A. C. M., Albrecht, S. H., Laskar, J., Guenther, E. W., Salmon, S. J. A. J., Redfield, S., Billot, N., Deeg, H. J., Delrez, L., Palethorpe, L., Van Eylen, V., Rodler, F., Alarcon, J., Jenkins, J. M., Twicken, J. D., Mann, A. W., Alonso, R., Asquier, J., Bárczy, T., Barrado, D., Barros, S. C. C., Baumjohann, W., Benz, W., Borsato, L., Broeg, C., Buder, M., Chaturvedi, P., Cameron, A. Collier, Csizmadia, Sz., Cubillos, P. E., Davies, M. B., Deleuil, M., Deline, A., Demangeon, O. D. S., Demory, B. -O., Derekas, A., Edwards, B., Ehrenreich, D., Erikson, A., Fortier, A., Gazeas, K., Gillon, M., Güdel, M., Günther, M. N., Helling, Ch., Isaak, K. G., Kiss, L. L., Korth, J., Law, N., Etangs, A. Lecavelier des, Leleu, A., Lendl, M., Leonardi, P., Magrin, D., Mantovan, G., Marafatto, L., Maxted, P. F. L., Mecina, M., Merín, B., Mordasini, C., Nascimbeni, V., Nigioni, A., Olofsson, G., Osborn, H. P., Ottensamer, R., Pagano, I., Pallé, E., Persson, C. M., Peter, G., Piazza, D., Piotto, G., Pollacco, D., Queloz, D., Ragazzoni, R., Rando, N., Rauer, H., Ribas, I., Ricker, G. R., Santos, N. C., Scandariato, G., Seager, S., Ségransan, D., Simon, A. E., Smith, A. M. S., Stalport, M., Sulis, S., Szabó, Gy. M., Udry, S., Ulmer-Moll, S., Van Grootel, V., Villaver, E., Walton, N. A., Winn, J. N., Wolf, S., Zingales, T.
Format:	Preprint
Published:	2025
Subjects:	Earth and Planetary Astrophysics Solar and Stellar Astrophysics
Online Access:	Acceder al recurso
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author	Gandolfi, D. Alnajjarine, A. Serrano, L. M. Egger, J. A. Lam, K. W. F. Cabrera, J. Hatzes, A. P. Fridlund, M. Gili, M. Garbaccio Wilson, T. G. Cochran, W. D. Brandeker, A. Goffo, E. Sousa, S. G. Nowak, G. Heitzmann, A. Hellier, C. Venturini, J. Livingston, J. Bonfanti, A. Barragán, O. Adibekyan, V. Knudstrup, E. Alibert, Y. Grziwa, S. Ziegler, C. Fossati, L. Murgas, F. Correia, A. C. M. Albrecht, S. H. Laskar, J. Guenther, E. W. Salmon, S. J. A. J. Redfield, S. Billot, N. Deeg, H. J. Delrez, L. Palethorpe, L. Van Eylen, V. Rodler, F. Alarcon, J. Jenkins, J. M. Twicken, J. D. Mann, A. W. Alonso, R. Asquier, J. Bárczy, T. Barrado, D. Barros, S. C. C. Baumjohann, W. Benz, W. Borsato, L. Broeg, C. Buder, M. Chaturvedi, P. Cameron, A. Collier Csizmadia, Sz. Cubillos, P. E. Davies, M. B. Deleuil, M. Deline, A. Demangeon, O. D. S. Demory, B. -O. Derekas, A. Edwards, B. Ehrenreich, D. Erikson, A. Fortier, A. Gazeas, K. Gillon, M. Güdel, M. Günther, M. N. Helling, Ch. Isaak, K. G. Kiss, L. L. Korth, J. Law, N. Etangs, A. Lecavelier des Leleu, A. Lendl, M. Leonardi, P. Magrin, D. Mantovan, G. Marafatto, L. Maxted, P. F. L. Mecina, M. Merín, B. Mordasini, C. Nascimbeni, V. Nigioni, A. Olofsson, G. Osborn, H. P. Ottensamer, R. Pagano, I. Pallé, E. Persson, C. M. Peter, G. Piazza, D. Piotto, G. Pollacco, D. Queloz, D. Ragazzoni, R. Rando, N. Rauer, H. Ribas, I. Ricker, G. R. Santos, N. C. Scandariato, G. Seager, S. Ségransan, D. Simon, A. E. Smith, A. M. S. Stalport, M. Sulis, S. Szabó, Gy. M. Udry, S. Ulmer-Moll, S. Van Grootel, V. Villaver, E. Walton, N. A. Winn, J. N. Wolf, S. Zingales, T.
author_facet	Gandolfi, D. Alnajjarine, A. Serrano, L. M. Egger, J. A. Lam, K. W. F. Cabrera, J. Hatzes, A. P. Fridlund, M. Gili, M. Garbaccio Wilson, T. G. Cochran, W. D. Brandeker, A. Goffo, E. Sousa, S. G. Nowak, G. Heitzmann, A. Hellier, C. Venturini, J. Livingston, J. Bonfanti, A. Barragán, O. Adibekyan, V. Knudstrup, E. Alibert, Y. Grziwa, S. Ziegler, C. Fossati, L. Murgas, F. Correia, A. C. M. Albrecht, S. H. Laskar, J. Guenther, E. W. Salmon, S. J. A. J. Redfield, S. Billot, N. Deeg, H. J. Delrez, L. Palethorpe, L. Van Eylen, V. Rodler, F. Alarcon, J. Jenkins, J. M. Twicken, J. D. Mann, A. W. Alonso, R. Asquier, J. Bárczy, T. Barrado, D. Barros, S. C. C. Baumjohann, W. Benz, W. Borsato, L. Broeg, C. Buder, M. Chaturvedi, P. Cameron, A. Collier Csizmadia, Sz. Cubillos, P. E. Davies, M. B. Deleuil, M. Deline, A. Demangeon, O. D. S. Demory, B. -O. Derekas, A. Edwards, B. Ehrenreich, D. Erikson, A. Fortier, A. Gazeas, K. Gillon, M. Güdel, M. Günther, M. N. Helling, Ch. Isaak, K. G. Kiss, L. L. Korth, J. Law, N. Etangs, A. Lecavelier des Leleu, A. Lendl, M. Leonardi, P. Magrin, D. Mantovan, G. Marafatto, L. Maxted, P. F. L. Mecina, M. Merín, B. Mordasini, C. Nascimbeni, V. Nigioni, A. Olofsson, G. Osborn, H. P. Ottensamer, R. Pagano, I. Pallé, E. Persson, C. M. Peter, G. Piazza, D. Piotto, G. Pollacco, D. Queloz, D. Ragazzoni, R. Rando, N. Rauer, H. Ribas, I. Ricker, G. R. Santos, N. C. Scandariato, G. Seager, S. Ségransan, D. Simon, A. E. Smith, A. M. S. Stalport, M. Sulis, S. Szabó, Gy. M. Udry, S. Ulmer-Moll, S. Van Grootel, V. Villaver, E. Walton, N. A. Winn, J. N. Wolf, S. Zingales, T.
contents	TOI-1203 is a bright (V=8.6) G3 V star known to host a transiting warm sub-Neptune on a 25.5 d orbit. Here we report on an intensive high-precision radial velocity and photometric follow-up campaign carried out with the HARPS spectrograph and the CHEOPS space telescope. We found that TOI-1203 has an enhancement of $α$ elements relative to iron of [$α$/Fe]=$0.21\pm0.04$. With an age of $\sim$12.5 Gyr, TOI-1203 belongs to the old, $α$-element enhanced stellar population of the galactic thick disk. We spectroscopically confirmed the planetary nature of the 25.5 d sub-Neptune TOI-1203 d, measured its mass ($M_{d}=7.39\pm0.62~M_{\oplus}$) and refined its radius ($R_{d}=2.918_{-0.045}^{+0.046}~R_{\oplus}$). We discovered the presence of an additional transiting super-Earth on a 4.2 d orbit (TOI-1203 b) with a mass of $M_{b}=3.51_{-0.32}^{+0.33}~M_{\oplus}$ and a radius of $R_{b}=1.520_{-0.046}^{+0.045}~R_{\oplus}$. We also revealed the presence of two additional low-mass planets at 13.1 d and 204.6 d (TOI-1203 c and e), with minimum masses of $5.46_{-0.50}^{+0.51}~M_{\oplus}$ and $42.10_{-1.78}^{+1.83}~M_{\oplus}$. We found that the outer planet TOI-1203 e lies on an eccentric orbit with $e_{e}=0.152\pm0.029$. We performed a stability analysis of the system confirming that there are configurations consistent with the observed parameters that are dynamically stable over billion-year timescales. While analyzing the HARPS time series, we discovered that the FWHM of the HARPS cross-correlation function shows a significant long-period signal ($\sim$615 d) that has no counterpart in the radial velocity data or in the remaining HARPS ancillary time series. We significantly detected the same signal in the FWHM of the Th-Ar calibration lines used to compute the nightly wavelength solution, and attributed this systematic effect to a long-term variation of the HARPS instrumental profile.
format	Preprint
id	arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2509_10136
institution	arXiv
publishDate	2025
record_format	arxiv
spellingShingle	A four-planet system orbiting the old thick disk star TOI-1203 Gandolfi, D. Alnajjarine, A. Serrano, L. M. Egger, J. A. Lam, K. W. F. Cabrera, J. Hatzes, A. P. Fridlund, M. Gili, M. Garbaccio Wilson, T. G. Cochran, W. D. Brandeker, A. Goffo, E. Sousa, S. G. Nowak, G. Heitzmann, A. Hellier, C. Venturini, J. Livingston, J. Bonfanti, A. Barragán, O. Adibekyan, V. Knudstrup, E. Alibert, Y. Grziwa, S. Ziegler, C. Fossati, L. Murgas, F. Correia, A. C. M. Albrecht, S. H. Laskar, J. Guenther, E. W. Salmon, S. J. A. J. Redfield, S. Billot, N. Deeg, H. J. Delrez, L. Palethorpe, L. Van Eylen, V. Rodler, F. Alarcon, J. Jenkins, J. M. Twicken, J. D. Mann, A. W. Alonso, R. Asquier, J. Bárczy, T. Barrado, D. Barros, S. C. C. Baumjohann, W. Benz, W. Borsato, L. Broeg, C. Buder, M. Chaturvedi, P. Cameron, A. Collier Csizmadia, Sz. Cubillos, P. E. Davies, M. B. Deleuil, M. Deline, A. Demangeon, O. D. S. Demory, B. -O. Derekas, A. Edwards, B. Ehrenreich, D. Erikson, A. Fortier, A. Gazeas, K. Gillon, M. Güdel, M. Günther, M. N. Helling, Ch. Isaak, K. G. Kiss, L. L. Korth, J. Law, N. Etangs, A. Lecavelier des Leleu, A. Lendl, M. Leonardi, P. Magrin, D. Mantovan, G. Marafatto, L. Maxted, P. F. L. Mecina, M. Merín, B. Mordasini, C. Nascimbeni, V. Nigioni, A. Olofsson, G. Osborn, H. P. Ottensamer, R. Pagano, I. Pallé, E. Persson, C. M. Peter, G. Piazza, D. Piotto, G. Pollacco, D. Queloz, D. Ragazzoni, R. Rando, N. Rauer, H. Ribas, I. Ricker, G. R. Santos, N. C. Scandariato, G. Seager, S. Ségransan, D. Simon, A. E. Smith, A. M. S. Stalport, M. Sulis, S. Szabó, Gy. M. Udry, S. Ulmer-Moll, S. Van Grootel, V. Villaver, E. Walton, N. A. Winn, J. N. Wolf, S. Zingales, T. Earth and Planetary Astrophysics Solar and Stellar Astrophysics TOI-1203 is a bright (V=8.6) G3 V star known to host a transiting warm sub-Neptune on a 25.5 d orbit. Here we report on an intensive high-precision radial velocity and photometric follow-up campaign carried out with the HARPS spectrograph and the CHEOPS space telescope. We found that TOI-1203 has an enhancement of $α$ elements relative to iron of [$α$/Fe]=$0.21\pm0.04$. With an age of $\sim$12.5 Gyr, TOI-1203 belongs to the old, $α$-element enhanced stellar population of the galactic thick disk. We spectroscopically confirmed the planetary nature of the 25.5 d sub-Neptune TOI-1203 d, measured its mass ($M_{d}=7.39\pm0.62~M_{\oplus}$) and refined its radius ($R_{d}=2.918_{-0.045}^{+0.046}~R_{\oplus}$). We discovered the presence of an additional transiting super-Earth on a 4.2 d orbit (TOI-1203 b) with a mass of $M_{b}=3.51_{-0.32}^{+0.33}~M_{\oplus}$ and a radius of $R_{b}=1.520_{-0.046}^{+0.045}~R_{\oplus}$. We also revealed the presence of two additional low-mass planets at 13.1 d and 204.6 d (TOI-1203 c and e), with minimum masses of $5.46_{-0.50}^{+0.51}~M_{\oplus}$ and $42.10_{-1.78}^{+1.83}~M_{\oplus}$. We found that the outer planet TOI-1203 e lies on an eccentric orbit with $e_{e}=0.152\pm0.029$. We performed a stability analysis of the system confirming that there are configurations consistent with the observed parameters that are dynamically stable over billion-year timescales. While analyzing the HARPS time series, we discovered that the FWHM of the HARPS cross-correlation function shows a significant long-period signal ($\sim$615 d) that has no counterpart in the radial velocity data or in the remaining HARPS ancillary time series. We significantly detected the same signal in the FWHM of the Th-Ar calibration lines used to compute the nightly wavelength solution, and attributed this systematic effect to a long-term variation of the HARPS instrumental profile.
title	A four-planet system orbiting the old thick disk star TOI-1203
topic	Earth and Planetary Astrophysics Solar and Stellar Astrophysics
url	https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.10136