Onset of Bjorken Flow in Quantum Evolution of the Massive Schwinger Model
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| Format: | Preprint |
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2025
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| _version_ | 1866911152783491072 |
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| author | Shao, Haiyang Chen, Shile Shi, Shuzhe |
| author_facet | Shao, Haiyang Chen, Shile Shi, Shuzhe |
| contents | The onset of hydrodynamics in the hot medium created in relativistic heavy-ion collisions is a crucial theoretical question. A first-principle simulation requires a real-time, non-perturbative calculation of the quantum system. In this Letter, we perform such simulations using the tensor network method, which enables large-scale quantum many-body simulations by retaining only the most essential quantum states for collective behaviors. We focus on the massive Schwinger model, a low-dimensional analog of quantum chromodynamics (QCD), as they share important properties such as confinement and chiral symmetry breaking. Starting from an initial state that puts a localized excitation atop the vacuum and mimics the energy deposition from colliding nuclei, we observe hydrodynamic behavior consistent with Bjorken flow in all relevant degrees of freedom: energy density, fluid velocity, and bulk pressure. The time scale for hydrodynamic onset aligns with the thermalization time of the quantum distribution function. |
| format | Preprint |
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arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2509_10855 |
| institution | arXiv |
| publishDate | 2025 |
| record_format | arxiv |
| spellingShingle | Onset of Bjorken Flow in Quantum Evolution of the Massive Schwinger Model Shao, Haiyang Chen, Shile Shi, Shuzhe High Energy Physics - Phenomenology High Energy Physics - Lattice Nuclear Theory The onset of hydrodynamics in the hot medium created in relativistic heavy-ion collisions is a crucial theoretical question. A first-principle simulation requires a real-time, non-perturbative calculation of the quantum system. In this Letter, we perform such simulations using the tensor network method, which enables large-scale quantum many-body simulations by retaining only the most essential quantum states for collective behaviors. We focus on the massive Schwinger model, a low-dimensional analog of quantum chromodynamics (QCD), as they share important properties such as confinement and chiral symmetry breaking. Starting from an initial state that puts a localized excitation atop the vacuum and mimics the energy deposition from colliding nuclei, we observe hydrodynamic behavior consistent with Bjorken flow in all relevant degrees of freedom: energy density, fluid velocity, and bulk pressure. The time scale for hydrodynamic onset aligns with the thermalization time of the quantum distribution function. |
| title | Onset of Bjorken Flow in Quantum Evolution of the Massive Schwinger Model |
| topic | High Energy Physics - Phenomenology High Energy Physics - Lattice Nuclear Theory |
| url | https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.10855 |