A Controllable 3D Deepfake Generation Framework with Gaussian Splatting

Fuente: arXiv
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Main Authors: Liu, Wending, Liang, Siyun, Nguyen, Huy H., Echizen, Isao
Format: Preprint
Published: 2025
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author Liu, Wending
Liang, Siyun
Nguyen, Huy H.
Echizen, Isao
author_facet Liu, Wending
Liang, Siyun
Nguyen, Huy H.
Echizen, Isao
contents We propose a novel 3D deepfake generation framework based on 3D Gaussian Splatting that enables realistic, identity-preserving face swapping and reenactment in a fully controllable 3D space. Compared to conventional 2D deepfake approaches that suffer from geometric inconsistencies and limited generalization to novel view, our method combines a parametric head model with dynamic Gaussian representations to support multi-view consistent rendering, precise expression control, and seamless background integration. To address editing challenges in point-based representations, we explicitly separate the head and background Gaussians and use pre-trained 2D guidance to optimize the facial region across views. We further introduce a repair module to enhance visual consistency under extreme poses and expressions. Experiments on NeRSemble and additional evaluation videos demonstrate that our method achieves comparable performance to state-of-the-art 2D approaches in identity preservation, as well as pose and expression consistency, while significantly outperforming them in multi-view rendering quality and 3D consistency. Our approach bridges the gap between 3D modeling and deepfake synthesis, enabling new directions for scene-aware, controllable, and immersive visual forgeries, revealing the threat that emerging 3D Gaussian Splatting technique could be used for manipulation attacks.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2509_11624
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle A Controllable 3D Deepfake Generation Framework with Gaussian Splatting
Liu, Wending
Liang, Siyun
Nguyen, Huy H.
Echizen, Isao
Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition
Machine Learning
We propose a novel 3D deepfake generation framework based on 3D Gaussian Splatting that enables realistic, identity-preserving face swapping and reenactment in a fully controllable 3D space. Compared to conventional 2D deepfake approaches that suffer from geometric inconsistencies and limited generalization to novel view, our method combines a parametric head model with dynamic Gaussian representations to support multi-view consistent rendering, precise expression control, and seamless background integration. To address editing challenges in point-based representations, we explicitly separate the head and background Gaussians and use pre-trained 2D guidance to optimize the facial region across views. We further introduce a repair module to enhance visual consistency under extreme poses and expressions. Experiments on NeRSemble and additional evaluation videos demonstrate that our method achieves comparable performance to state-of-the-art 2D approaches in identity preservation, as well as pose and expression consistency, while significantly outperforming them in multi-view rendering quality and 3D consistency. Our approach bridges the gap between 3D modeling and deepfake synthesis, enabling new directions for scene-aware, controllable, and immersive visual forgeries, revealing the threat that emerging 3D Gaussian Splatting technique could be used for manipulation attacks.
title A Controllable 3D Deepfake Generation Framework with Gaussian Splatting
topic Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition
Machine Learning
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.11624