Approximating the operator norm of local Hamiltonians via few quantum states

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Hauptverfasser: Becker, Lars, Slote, Joseph, Volberg, Alexander, Zhang, Haonan
Format: Preprint
Veröffentlicht: 2025
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author Becker, Lars
Slote, Joseph
Volberg, Alexander
Zhang, Haonan
author_facet Becker, Lars
Slote, Joseph
Volberg, Alexander
Zhang, Haonan
contents Consider a Hermitian operator $A$ acting on a complex Hilbert space of dimension $2^n$. We show that when $A$ has small degree in the Pauli expansion, or in other words, $A$ is a local $n$-qubit Hamiltonian, its operator norm can be approximated independently of $n$ by maximizing $|\braket{ψ|A|ψ}|$ over a small collection $\mathbf{X}_n$ of product states $\ketψ\in (\mathbf{C}^{2})^{\otimes n}$. More precisely, we show that whenever $A$ is $d$-local, \textit{i.e.,} $°(A)\le d$, we have the following discretization-type inequality: \[ \|A\|\le C(d)\max_{ψ\in \mathbf{X}_n}|\braket{ψ|A|ψ}|. \] The constant $C(d)$ depends only on $d$. This collection $\mathbf{X}_n$ of $ψ$'s, termed a \emph{quantum norm design}, is independent of $A$, and consists of product states, and can have cardinality as small as $(1+\eps)^n$, which is essentially tight. Previously, norm designs were known only for homogeneous $d$-localHamiltonians $A$ \cite{L,BGKT,ACKK}, and for non-homogeneous $2$-local traceless $A$ \cite{BGKT}. Several other results, such as boundedness of Rademacher projections for all levels and estimates of operator norms of random Hamiltonians, are also given.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2509_11979
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Approximating the operator norm of local Hamiltonians via few quantum states
Becker, Lars
Slote, Joseph
Volberg, Alexander
Zhang, Haonan
Quantum Physics
Classical Analysis and ODEs
Functional Analysis
41A17, 41A63, 42B05, 32A08
F.2.2
Consider a Hermitian operator $A$ acting on a complex Hilbert space of dimension $2^n$. We show that when $A$ has small degree in the Pauli expansion, or in other words, $A$ is a local $n$-qubit Hamiltonian, its operator norm can be approximated independently of $n$ by maximizing $|\braket{ψ|A|ψ}|$ over a small collection $\mathbf{X}_n$ of product states $\ketψ\in (\mathbf{C}^{2})^{\otimes n}$. More precisely, we show that whenever $A$ is $d$-local, \textit{i.e.,} $°(A)\le d$, we have the following discretization-type inequality: \[ \|A\|\le C(d)\max_{ψ\in \mathbf{X}_n}|\braket{ψ|A|ψ}|. \] The constant $C(d)$ depends only on $d$. This collection $\mathbf{X}_n$ of $ψ$'s, termed a \emph{quantum norm design}, is independent of $A$, and consists of product states, and can have cardinality as small as $(1+\eps)^n$, which is essentially tight. Previously, norm designs were known only for homogeneous $d$-localHamiltonians $A$ \cite{L,BGKT,ACKK}, and for non-homogeneous $2$-local traceless $A$ \cite{BGKT}. Several other results, such as boundedness of Rademacher projections for all levels and estimates of operator norms of random Hamiltonians, are also given.
title Approximating the operator norm of local Hamiltonians via few quantum states
topic Quantum Physics
Classical Analysis and ODEs
Functional Analysis
41A17, 41A63, 42B05, 32A08
F.2.2
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.11979