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Bibliographic Details
Main Author: Gani, Riyaadh
Format: Preprint
Published: 2025
Subjects:
Online Access:https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.12253
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author Gani, Riyaadh
author_facet Gani, Riyaadh
contents Non-invasive glucose monitoring outside controlled settings is dominated by low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR): hardware drift, environmental variation, and physiology suppress the glucose signature in NIR signals. We present a noise-stressed NIR simulator that injects 12-bit ADC quantisation, LED drift, photodiode dark noise, temperature/humidity variation, contact-pressure noise, Fitzpatrick I-VI melanin, and glucose variability to create a low-correlation regime (rho_glucose-NIR = 0.21). Using this platform, we benchmark six methods: Enhanced Beer-Lambert (physics-engineered ridge regression), Original PINN, Optimised PINN, RTE-inspired PINN, Selective RTE PINN, and a shallow DNN. The physics-engineered Beer Lambert model achieves the lowest error (13.6 mg/dL RMSE) with only 56 parameters and 0.01 ms inference, outperforming deeper PINNs and the SDNN baseline under low-SNR conditions. The study reframes the task as noise suppression under weak signal and shows that carefully engineered physics features can outperform higher-capacity models in this regime.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2509_12253
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Physics-Informed Neural Networks vs. Physics Models for Non-Invasive Glucose Monitoring: A Comparative Study Under Noise-Stressed Synthetic Conditions
Gani, Riyaadh
Image and Video Processing
Artificial Intelligence
Machine Learning
Non-invasive glucose monitoring outside controlled settings is dominated by low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR): hardware drift, environmental variation, and physiology suppress the glucose signature in NIR signals. We present a noise-stressed NIR simulator that injects 12-bit ADC quantisation, LED drift, photodiode dark noise, temperature/humidity variation, contact-pressure noise, Fitzpatrick I-VI melanin, and glucose variability to create a low-correlation regime (rho_glucose-NIR = 0.21). Using this platform, we benchmark six methods: Enhanced Beer-Lambert (physics-engineered ridge regression), Original PINN, Optimised PINN, RTE-inspired PINN, Selective RTE PINN, and a shallow DNN. The physics-engineered Beer Lambert model achieves the lowest error (13.6 mg/dL RMSE) with only 56 parameters and 0.01 ms inference, outperforming deeper PINNs and the SDNN baseline under low-SNR conditions. The study reframes the task as noise suppression under weak signal and shows that carefully engineered physics features can outperform higher-capacity models in this regime.
title Physics-Informed Neural Networks vs. Physics Models for Non-Invasive Glucose Monitoring: A Comparative Study Under Noise-Stressed Synthetic Conditions
topic Image and Video Processing
Artificial Intelligence
Machine Learning
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.12253