Zeeman Doppler Imaging of $τ$Ceti: The Weakest Magnetic Field Detected in a Sun-like Star

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Main Authors: Chiti, Federica, Kochukhov, Oleg, van Saders, Jennifer L., Metcalfe, Travis S.
Format: Preprint
Published: 2025
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author Chiti, Federica
Kochukhov, Oleg
van Saders, Jennifer L.
Metcalfe, Travis S.
author_facet Chiti, Federica
Kochukhov, Oleg
van Saders, Jennifer L.
Metcalfe, Travis S.
contents For nearly a decade, observations have shown that many older Sun-like stars spin faster than predicted, a phenomenon known as weakened magnetic braking (WMB). The leading hypothesis for WMB is a weakening of the large-scale dipole field, which leads to a less efficient angular momentum loss. To test this hypothesis on a star known to be in the WMB regime, we present the first Zeeman Doppler Imaging (ZDI) map of the Sun-like star $τ$Ceti, reconstructed using spectropolarimetric data from the Canada-France-Hawai'i Telescope (CFHT). Our ZDI analysis reveals a remarkably simple, stable and weak ($\langle B\rangle =0.17 \mathrm{G}$) magnetic field, characterized by a predominantly dipolar ($\sim92\%$ magnetic energy contained in $l=1$ modes), and highly axisymmetric ($\sim88\%$ magnetic energy contained in $m<l/2$ modes) morphology. We infer a dipole field strength of $B_{\mathrm{dip}}=0.31 \mathrm{G}$, nearly an order of magnitude weaker than standard braking model predictions, providing direct confirmation of the weakened large-scale dipole predicted by the WMB hypothesis. This work establishes a new benchmark for ZDI, demonstrating that even extremely quiet stars in the WMB regime are accessible to this technique.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2509_12310
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Zeeman Doppler Imaging of $τ$Ceti: The Weakest Magnetic Field Detected in a Sun-like Star
Chiti, Federica
Kochukhov, Oleg
van Saders, Jennifer L.
Metcalfe, Travis S.
Solar and Stellar Astrophysics
For nearly a decade, observations have shown that many older Sun-like stars spin faster than predicted, a phenomenon known as weakened magnetic braking (WMB). The leading hypothesis for WMB is a weakening of the large-scale dipole field, which leads to a less efficient angular momentum loss. To test this hypothesis on a star known to be in the WMB regime, we present the first Zeeman Doppler Imaging (ZDI) map of the Sun-like star $τ$Ceti, reconstructed using spectropolarimetric data from the Canada-France-Hawai'i Telescope (CFHT). Our ZDI analysis reveals a remarkably simple, stable and weak ($\langle B\rangle =0.17 \mathrm{G}$) magnetic field, characterized by a predominantly dipolar ($\sim92\%$ magnetic energy contained in $l=1$ modes), and highly axisymmetric ($\sim88\%$ magnetic energy contained in $m<l/2$ modes) morphology. We infer a dipole field strength of $B_{\mathrm{dip}}=0.31 \mathrm{G}$, nearly an order of magnitude weaker than standard braking model predictions, providing direct confirmation of the weakened large-scale dipole predicted by the WMB hypothesis. This work establishes a new benchmark for ZDI, demonstrating that even extremely quiet stars in the WMB regime are accessible to this technique.
title Zeeman Doppler Imaging of $τ$Ceti: The Weakest Magnetic Field Detected in a Sun-like Star
topic Solar and Stellar Astrophysics
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.12310