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Catastrophic disruption of asteroid 2023 CX1 and implications for planetary defense

Fuente: arXiv

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Main Authors:	Egal, Auriane, Vida, Denis, Colas, François, Zanda, Brigitte, Bouley, Sylvain, Steinhausser, Asma, Vernazza, Pierre, Ferrière, Ludovic, Gattacceca, Jérôme, Birlan, Mirel, Vaubaillon, Jérémie, Antier, Karl, Anghel, Simon, Desmars, Josselin, Baillié, Kévin, Maquet, Lucie, Bouquillon, Sébastien, Malgoyre, Adrien, Jeanne, Simon, Borovička, Jiři, Spurný, Pavel, Devillepoix, Hadrien A. R., Micheli, Marco, Farnocchia, Davide, Naidu, Shantanu, Brown, Peter, Wiegert, Paul, Sárneczky, Krisztián, Pál, András, Moskovitz, Nick, Kareta, Theodore, Santana-Ros, Toni, Pichon, Alexis Le, Mazet-Roux, Gilles, Vergoz, Julien, McFadden, Luke, Assink, Jelle, Evers, Läslo, Krietsch, Daniela, Busemann, Henner, Maden, Colin, Eckart, Lisa Maria, Barrat, Jean-Alix, Povinec, Pavel, Sykora, Ivan, Kontul', Ivan, Marchhart, Oscar, Martschini, Martin, Merchel, Silke, Wieser, Alexander, Gounelle, Matthieu, Pont, Sylvain, Sans-Jofre, Pierre, de Vet, Sebastiaan, Baziotis, Ioannis, Brož, Miroslav, Marsset, Michaël, Vergne, Jérôme, Hanuš, Josef, Devogèle, Maxime, Conversi, Luca, Ocaña, Francisco, Buzzi, Luca, Nedelcu, Dan Alin, Sonka, Adrian, Losse, Florent, Dupouy, Philippe, Korlević, Korado, Husar, Dieter, Jahn, Jost, Šegon, Damir, McIntyre, Mark, Neubert, Ralf, Beck, Pierre, Shober, Patrick, Lagain, Anthony, Trigo-Rodriguez, Josep Maria, Herrero, Enrique, Rowe, Jim, Smedley, Andrew R. D., King, Ashley, Sylla, Salma, Gardiol, Daniele, Barghini, Dario, Lamy, Hervé, Jehin, Emmanuel, Koschny, Detlef, Poppe, Bjorn, Jordán, Andrés, Mendez, Rene A., Vieira, Katherine, Cremades, Hebe, Aoudjehane, Hasnaa Chennaoui, Benkhaldoun, Zouhair, Hernandez, Olivier, Robertson, Darrel, Jenniskens, Peter
Format:	Preprint
Published:	2025
Subjects:	Earth and Planetary Astrophysics Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics
Online Access:	Acceder al recurso
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author	Egal, Auriane Vida, Denis Colas, François Zanda, Brigitte Bouley, Sylvain Steinhausser, Asma Vernazza, Pierre Ferrière, Ludovic Gattacceca, Jérôme Birlan, Mirel Vaubaillon, Jérémie Antier, Karl Anghel, Simon Desmars, Josselin Baillié, Kévin Maquet, Lucie Bouquillon, Sébastien Malgoyre, Adrien Jeanne, Simon Borovička, Jiři Spurný, Pavel Devillepoix, Hadrien A. R. Micheli, Marco Farnocchia, Davide Naidu, Shantanu Brown, Peter Wiegert, Paul Sárneczky, Krisztián Pál, András Moskovitz, Nick Kareta, Theodore Santana-Ros, Toni Pichon, Alexis Le Mazet-Roux, Gilles Vergoz, Julien McFadden, Luke Assink, Jelle Evers, Läslo Krietsch, Daniela Busemann, Henner Maden, Colin Eckart, Lisa Maria Barrat, Jean-Alix Povinec, Pavel Sykora, Ivan Kontul', Ivan Marchhart, Oscar Martschini, Martin Merchel, Silke Wieser, Alexander Gounelle, Matthieu Pont, Sylvain Sans-Jofre, Pierre de Vet, Sebastiaan Baziotis, Ioannis Brož, Miroslav Marsset, Michaël Vergne, Jérôme Hanuš, Josef Devogèle, Maxime Conversi, Luca Ocaña, Francisco Buzzi, Luca Nedelcu, Dan Alin Sonka, Adrian Losse, Florent Dupouy, Philippe Korlević, Korado Husar, Dieter Jahn, Jost Šegon, Damir McIntyre, Mark Neubert, Ralf Beck, Pierre Shober, Patrick Lagain, Anthony Trigo-Rodriguez, Josep Maria Herrero, Enrique Rowe, Jim Smedley, Andrew R. D. King, Ashley Sylla, Salma Gardiol, Daniele Barghini, Dario Lamy, Hervé Jehin, Emmanuel Koschny, Detlef Poppe, Bjorn Jordán, Andrés Mendez, Rene A. Vieira, Katherine Cremades, Hebe Aoudjehane, Hasnaa Chennaoui Benkhaldoun, Zouhair Hernandez, Olivier Robertson, Darrel Jenniskens, Peter
author_facet	Egal, Auriane Vida, Denis Colas, François Zanda, Brigitte Bouley, Sylvain Steinhausser, Asma Vernazza, Pierre Ferrière, Ludovic Gattacceca, Jérôme Birlan, Mirel Vaubaillon, Jérémie Antier, Karl Anghel, Simon Desmars, Josselin Baillié, Kévin Maquet, Lucie Bouquillon, Sébastien Malgoyre, Adrien Jeanne, Simon Borovička, Jiři Spurný, Pavel Devillepoix, Hadrien A. R. Micheli, Marco Farnocchia, Davide Naidu, Shantanu Brown, Peter Wiegert, Paul Sárneczky, Krisztián Pál, András Moskovitz, Nick Kareta, Theodore Santana-Ros, Toni Pichon, Alexis Le Mazet-Roux, Gilles Vergoz, Julien McFadden, Luke Assink, Jelle Evers, Läslo Krietsch, Daniela Busemann, Henner Maden, Colin Eckart, Lisa Maria Barrat, Jean-Alix Povinec, Pavel Sykora, Ivan Kontul', Ivan Marchhart, Oscar Martschini, Martin Merchel, Silke Wieser, Alexander Gounelle, Matthieu Pont, Sylvain Sans-Jofre, Pierre de Vet, Sebastiaan Baziotis, Ioannis Brož, Miroslav Marsset, Michaël Vergne, Jérôme Hanuš, Josef Devogèle, Maxime Conversi, Luca Ocaña, Francisco Buzzi, Luca Nedelcu, Dan Alin Sonka, Adrian Losse, Florent Dupouy, Philippe Korlević, Korado Husar, Dieter Jahn, Jost Šegon, Damir McIntyre, Mark Neubert, Ralf Beck, Pierre Shober, Patrick Lagain, Anthony Trigo-Rodriguez, Josep Maria Herrero, Enrique Rowe, Jim Smedley, Andrew R. D. King, Ashley Sylla, Salma Gardiol, Daniele Barghini, Dario Lamy, Hervé Jehin, Emmanuel Koschny, Detlef Poppe, Bjorn Jordán, Andrés Mendez, Rene A. Vieira, Katherine Cremades, Hebe Aoudjehane, Hasnaa Chennaoui Benkhaldoun, Zouhair Hernandez, Olivier Robertson, Darrel Jenniskens, Peter
contents	Mitigation of the threat from airbursting asteroids requires an understanding of the potential risk they pose for the ground. How asteroids release their kinetic energy in the atmosphere is not well understood due to the rarity of significant impacts. Ordinary chondrites, in particular L chondrites, represent a frequent type of Earth-impacting asteroids. Here, we present the first comprehensive, space-to-lab characterization of an L chondrite impact. Small asteroid 2023 CX1 was detected in space and predicted to impact over Normandy, France, on 13 February 2023. Observations from multiple independent sensors and reduction techniques revealed an unusual but potentially high-risk fragmentation behavior. The nearly spherical 650 $\pm$ 160 kg (72 $\pm$ 6 cm diameter) asteroid catastrophically fragmented around 28 km altitude, releasing 98% of its total energy in a concentrated region of the atmosphere. The resulting shockwave was spherical, not cylindrical, and released more energy closer to the ground. This type of fragmentation increases the risk of significant damage at ground level. These results warrant consideration for a planetary defense strategy for cases where a >3-4 MPa dynamic pressure is expected, including planning for evacuation of areas beneath anticipated disruption locations.
format	Preprint
id	arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2509_12362
institution	arXiv
publishDate	2025
record_format	arxiv
spellingShingle	Catastrophic disruption of asteroid 2023 CX1 and implications for planetary defense Egal, Auriane Vida, Denis Colas, François Zanda, Brigitte Bouley, Sylvain Steinhausser, Asma Vernazza, Pierre Ferrière, Ludovic Gattacceca, Jérôme Birlan, Mirel Vaubaillon, Jérémie Antier, Karl Anghel, Simon Desmars, Josselin Baillié, Kévin Maquet, Lucie Bouquillon, Sébastien Malgoyre, Adrien Jeanne, Simon Borovička, Jiři Spurný, Pavel Devillepoix, Hadrien A. R. Micheli, Marco Farnocchia, Davide Naidu, Shantanu Brown, Peter Wiegert, Paul Sárneczky, Krisztián Pál, András Moskovitz, Nick Kareta, Theodore Santana-Ros, Toni Pichon, Alexis Le Mazet-Roux, Gilles Vergoz, Julien McFadden, Luke Assink, Jelle Evers, Läslo Krietsch, Daniela Busemann, Henner Maden, Colin Eckart, Lisa Maria Barrat, Jean-Alix Povinec, Pavel Sykora, Ivan Kontul', Ivan Marchhart, Oscar Martschini, Martin Merchel, Silke Wieser, Alexander Gounelle, Matthieu Pont, Sylvain Sans-Jofre, Pierre de Vet, Sebastiaan Baziotis, Ioannis Brož, Miroslav Marsset, Michaël Vergne, Jérôme Hanuš, Josef Devogèle, Maxime Conversi, Luca Ocaña, Francisco Buzzi, Luca Nedelcu, Dan Alin Sonka, Adrian Losse, Florent Dupouy, Philippe Korlević, Korado Husar, Dieter Jahn, Jost Šegon, Damir McIntyre, Mark Neubert, Ralf Beck, Pierre Shober, Patrick Lagain, Anthony Trigo-Rodriguez, Josep Maria Herrero, Enrique Rowe, Jim Smedley, Andrew R. D. King, Ashley Sylla, Salma Gardiol, Daniele Barghini, Dario Lamy, Hervé Jehin, Emmanuel Koschny, Detlef Poppe, Bjorn Jordán, Andrés Mendez, Rene A. Vieira, Katherine Cremades, Hebe Aoudjehane, Hasnaa Chennaoui Benkhaldoun, Zouhair Hernandez, Olivier Robertson, Darrel Jenniskens, Peter Earth and Planetary Astrophysics Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics Mitigation of the threat from airbursting asteroids requires an understanding of the potential risk they pose for the ground. How asteroids release their kinetic energy in the atmosphere is not well understood due to the rarity of significant impacts. Ordinary chondrites, in particular L chondrites, represent a frequent type of Earth-impacting asteroids. Here, we present the first comprehensive, space-to-lab characterization of an L chondrite impact. Small asteroid 2023 CX1 was detected in space and predicted to impact over Normandy, France, on 13 February 2023. Observations from multiple independent sensors and reduction techniques revealed an unusual but potentially high-risk fragmentation behavior. The nearly spherical 650 $\pm$ 160 kg (72 $\pm$ 6 cm diameter) asteroid catastrophically fragmented around 28 km altitude, releasing 98% of its total energy in a concentrated region of the atmosphere. The resulting shockwave was spherical, not cylindrical, and released more energy closer to the ground. This type of fragmentation increases the risk of significant damage at ground level. These results warrant consideration for a planetary defense strategy for cases where a >3-4 MPa dynamic pressure is expected, including planning for evacuation of areas beneath anticipated disruption locations.
title	Catastrophic disruption of asteroid 2023 CX1 and implications for planetary defense
topic	Earth and Planetary Astrophysics Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics
url	https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.12362