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Main Authors: Fu, Li, Xin, Yu, Zeng, Sunlu, Fan, Lu, Wu, Youzheng, He, Xiaodong
Format: Preprint
Published: 2025
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Online Access:https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.12647
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author Fu, Li
Xin, Yu
Zeng, Sunlu
Fan, Lu
Wu, Youzheng
He, Xiaodong
author_facet Fu, Li
Xin, Yu
Zeng, Sunlu
Fan, Lu
Wu, Youzheng
He, Xiaodong
contents This paper presents a Pronunciation-Aware Contextualized (PAC) framework to address two key challenges in Large Language Model (LLM)-based Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR) systems: effective pronunciation modeling and robust homophone discrimination. Both are essential for raw or long-tail word recognition. The proposed approach adopts a two-stage learning paradigm. First, we introduce a pronunciation-guided context learning method. It employs an interleaved grapheme-phoneme context modeling strategy that incorporates grapheme-only distractors, encouraging the model to leverage phonemic cues for accurate recognition. Then, we propose a pronunciation-discriminative reinforcement learning method with perturbed label sampling to further enhance the modelś ability to distinguish contextualized homophones. Experimental results on the public English Librispeech and Mandarin AISHELL-1 datasets indicate that PAC: (1) reduces relative Word Error Rate (WER) by 30.2% and 53.8% compared to pre-trained LLM-based ASR models, and (2) achieves 31.8% and 60.5% relative reductions in biased WER for long-tail words compared to strong baselines, respectively.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2509_12647
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle PAC: Pronunciation-Aware Contextualized Large Language Model-based Automatic Speech Recognition
Fu, Li
Xin, Yu
Zeng, Sunlu
Fan, Lu
Wu, Youzheng
He, Xiaodong
Computation and Language
Audio and Speech Processing
This paper presents a Pronunciation-Aware Contextualized (PAC) framework to address two key challenges in Large Language Model (LLM)-based Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR) systems: effective pronunciation modeling and robust homophone discrimination. Both are essential for raw or long-tail word recognition. The proposed approach adopts a two-stage learning paradigm. First, we introduce a pronunciation-guided context learning method. It employs an interleaved grapheme-phoneme context modeling strategy that incorporates grapheme-only distractors, encouraging the model to leverage phonemic cues for accurate recognition. Then, we propose a pronunciation-discriminative reinforcement learning method with perturbed label sampling to further enhance the modelś ability to distinguish contextualized homophones. Experimental results on the public English Librispeech and Mandarin AISHELL-1 datasets indicate that PAC: (1) reduces relative Word Error Rate (WER) by 30.2% and 53.8% compared to pre-trained LLM-based ASR models, and (2) achieves 31.8% and 60.5% relative reductions in biased WER for long-tail words compared to strong baselines, respectively.
title PAC: Pronunciation-Aware Contextualized Large Language Model-based Automatic Speech Recognition
topic Computation and Language
Audio and Speech Processing
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.12647