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| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Preprint |
| Published: |
2025
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| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.13105 |
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| _version_ | 1866908542713200640 |
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| author | Qiao, Guan-Ru Bai, Bing Weng, Zi-Xuan Chen, Han-Shen Zheng, Wei Zheng, Zhi-Yuan Nie, You-Qi Zhang, Jun Pan, Jian-Wei |
| author_facet | Qiao, Guan-Ru Bai, Bing Weng, Zi-Xuan Chen, Han-Shen Zheng, Wei Zheng, Zhi-Yuan Nie, You-Qi Zhang, Jun Pan, Jian-Wei |
| contents | Quantum random number generators (QRNGs) produce true random numbers, which are guaranteed by the fundamental principles of quantum physics. Miniaturization of QRNGs is crucial for a wide range of communication and cryptography applications. Here, we first report a fully functional QRNG chip based on vacuum-state fluctuations, with dimensions of 16.6 mm x 7.8 mm. The quantum entropy source, which is achieved via hybrid photonic integration with a SiO2 waveguide, generates raw quantum random numbers. The hybrid photonic and electrical components are assembled into a compact ceramic package using system-in-package technology. A microcontroller unit acquires the raw data and outputs the processed quantum random numbers via a serial peripheral interface. According to the characterization results, the QRNG chip achieves a constant real-time output rate of 5.2 Mbps across the industrial temperature range of -40°C to 85°C, making it suitable for practical applications. |
| format | Preprint |
| id |
arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2509_13105 |
| institution | arXiv |
| publishDate | 2025 |
| record_format | arxiv |
| spellingShingle | Real-time vacuum-state quantum random number generator on a chip Qiao, Guan-Ru Bai, Bing Weng, Zi-Xuan Chen, Han-Shen Zheng, Wei Zheng, Zhi-Yuan Nie, You-Qi Zhang, Jun Pan, Jian-Wei Quantum Physics Applied Physics Quantum random number generators (QRNGs) produce true random numbers, which are guaranteed by the fundamental principles of quantum physics. Miniaturization of QRNGs is crucial for a wide range of communication and cryptography applications. Here, we first report a fully functional QRNG chip based on vacuum-state fluctuations, with dimensions of 16.6 mm x 7.8 mm. The quantum entropy source, which is achieved via hybrid photonic integration with a SiO2 waveguide, generates raw quantum random numbers. The hybrid photonic and electrical components are assembled into a compact ceramic package using system-in-package technology. A microcontroller unit acquires the raw data and outputs the processed quantum random numbers via a serial peripheral interface. According to the characterization results, the QRNG chip achieves a constant real-time output rate of 5.2 Mbps across the industrial temperature range of -40°C to 85°C, making it suitable for practical applications. |
| title | Real-time vacuum-state quantum random number generator on a chip |
| topic | Quantum Physics Applied Physics |
| url | https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.13105 |