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Main Authors: Ahmed, Md Sabbir, French, Noah, Rucker, Mark, Wang, Zhiyuan, Myers-Brower, Taylor, Petz, Kaitlyn, Boukhechba, Mehdi, Teachman, Bethany A., Barnes, Laura E.
Format: Preprint
Published: 2025
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Online Access:https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.13725
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author Ahmed, Md Sabbir
French, Noah
Rucker, Mark
Wang, Zhiyuan
Myers-Brower, Taylor
Petz, Kaitlyn
Boukhechba, Mehdi
Teachman, Bethany A.
Barnes, Laura E.
author_facet Ahmed, Md Sabbir
French, Noah
Rucker, Mark
Wang, Zhiyuan
Myers-Brower, Taylor
Petz, Kaitlyn
Boukhechba, Mehdi
Teachman, Bethany A.
Barnes, Laura E.
contents Social anxiety is a common mental health condition linked to significant challenges in academic, social, and occupational functioning. A core feature is elevated momentary (state) anxiety in social situations, yet little prior work has measured or predicted fluctuations in this anxiety throughout the day. Capturing these intra-day dynamics is critical for designing real-time, personalized interventions such as Just-In-Time Adaptive Interventions (JITAIs). To address this gap, we conducted a study with socially anxious college students (N=91; 72 after exclusions) using our custom smartwatch-based system over an average of 9.03 days (SD = 2.95). Participants received seven ecological momentary assessments (EMAs) per day to report state anxiety. We developed a base model on over 10,000 days of external heart rate data, transferred its representations to our dataset, and fine-tuned it to generate probabilistic predictions. These were combined with trait-level measures in a meta-learner. Our pipeline achieved 60.4% balanced accuracy in state anxiety detection in our dataset. To evaluate generalizability, we applied the training approach to a separate hold-out set from the TILES-18 dataset-the same dataset used for pretraining. On 10,095 once-daily EMAs, our method achieved 59.1% balanced accuracy, outperforming prior work by at least 7%.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2509_13725
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle WatchAnxiety: A Transfer Learning Approach for State Anxiety Prediction from Smartwatch Data
Ahmed, Md Sabbir
French, Noah
Rucker, Mark
Wang, Zhiyuan
Myers-Brower, Taylor
Petz, Kaitlyn
Boukhechba, Mehdi
Teachman, Bethany A.
Barnes, Laura E.
Machine Learning
Computers and Society
Social anxiety is a common mental health condition linked to significant challenges in academic, social, and occupational functioning. A core feature is elevated momentary (state) anxiety in social situations, yet little prior work has measured or predicted fluctuations in this anxiety throughout the day. Capturing these intra-day dynamics is critical for designing real-time, personalized interventions such as Just-In-Time Adaptive Interventions (JITAIs). To address this gap, we conducted a study with socially anxious college students (N=91; 72 after exclusions) using our custom smartwatch-based system over an average of 9.03 days (SD = 2.95). Participants received seven ecological momentary assessments (EMAs) per day to report state anxiety. We developed a base model on over 10,000 days of external heart rate data, transferred its representations to our dataset, and fine-tuned it to generate probabilistic predictions. These were combined with trait-level measures in a meta-learner. Our pipeline achieved 60.4% balanced accuracy in state anxiety detection in our dataset. To evaluate generalizability, we applied the training approach to a separate hold-out set from the TILES-18 dataset-the same dataset used for pretraining. On 10,095 once-daily EMAs, our method achieved 59.1% balanced accuracy, outperforming prior work by at least 7%.
title WatchAnxiety: A Transfer Learning Approach for State Anxiety Prediction from Smartwatch Data
topic Machine Learning
Computers and Society
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.13725