Cover Image

Spatially resolved broad line region in a quasar at z=4: Dynamical black hole mass and prominent outflow

Fuente: arXiv

Saved in:

Bibliographic Details
Main Authors:	Collaboration, GRAVITY+, Dayem, K. Abd El, Aimar, N., Berdeu, A., Berger, J. -P., Bourdarot, G., Bourget, P., Brandner, W., Cao, Y., Correia, C., Cardona, S. Cuevas, Davies, R., Defrère, D., Drescher, A., Eckart, A., Eisenhauer, F., Fabricius, M., Farah, A., Feuchtgruber, H., Schreiber, N. M. Förster, Foschi, A., Garcia, P., Lopez, R. Garcia, Genzel, R., Gillessen, S., Gomes, T., Gonté, F., Gopinath, V., Graf, J., Hartl, M., Haubois, X., Haußmann, F., Ho, L. C., Hönig, S., Houllé, M., Joharle, S., Keiman, C., Kervella, P., Kolb, J., Kreidberg, L., Labdon, A., Lacour, S., Lai, O., Lai, S., Laugier, R., Bouquin, J. -B. Le, Leftley, J., Li, R., Lopez, B., Lutz, D., Mang, F., Mérand, A., Millour, F., Montargès, M., More, N., Morujão, N., Nowacki, H., Nowak, M., Oberti, S., Onken, C., Osorno, J., Ott, T., Paumard, T., Perraut, K., Perrin, G., Petrov, R., Petrucci, P. -O., Pourré, N., Rabien, S., Rau, C., Ribeiro, D., Robbe-Dubois, S., Bordoni, M. Sadun, Salman, M., Sanchez-Bermudez, J., Santos, D., Sauter, J., Scialpi, M., Scigliuto, J., Shangguan, J., Shchekaturov, P., Shimizu, T., Soulez, F., Straubmeier, C., Sturm, E., Subroweit, M., Sykes, C., Tacconi, L. J., Übler, H., Ulbricht, G., Vincent, F., Webster, R., Wieprecht, E., Woillez, J., Wolf, C.
Format:	Preprint
Published:	2025
Subjects:	Astrophysics of Galaxies
Online Access:	Acceder al recurso
Tags:	Add Tag No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!

_version_	1866912872680914944
author	Collaboration, GRAVITY+ Dayem, K. Abd El Aimar, N. Berdeu, A. Berger, J. -P. Bourdarot, G. Bourget, P. Brandner, W. Cao, Y. Correia, C. Cardona, S. Cuevas Davies, R. Defrère, D. Drescher, A. Eckart, A. Eisenhauer, F. Fabricius, M. Farah, A. Feuchtgruber, H. Schreiber, N. M. Förster Foschi, A. Garcia, P. Lopez, R. Garcia Genzel, R. Gillessen, S. Gomes, T. Gonté, F. Gopinath, V. Graf, J. Hartl, M. Haubois, X. Haußmann, F. Ho, L. C. Hönig, S. Houllé, M. Joharle, S. Keiman, C. Kervella, P. Kolb, J. Kreidberg, L. Labdon, A. Lacour, S. Lai, O. Lai, S. Laugier, R. Bouquin, J. -B. Le Leftley, J. Li, R. Lopez, B. Lutz, D. Mang, F. Mérand, A. Millour, F. Montargès, M. More, N. Morujão, N. Nowacki, H. Nowak, M. Oberti, S. Onken, C. Osorno, J. Ott, T. Paumard, T. Perraut, K. Perrin, G. Petrov, R. Petrucci, P. -O. Pourré, N. Rabien, S. Rau, C. Ribeiro, D. Robbe-Dubois, S. Bordoni, M. Sadun Salman, M. Sanchez-Bermudez, J. Santos, D. Sauter, J. Scialpi, M. Scigliuto, J. Shangguan, J. Shchekaturov, P. Shimizu, T. Soulez, F. Straubmeier, C. Sturm, E. Subroweit, M. Sykes, C. Tacconi, L. J. Übler, H. Ulbricht, G. Vincent, F. Webster, R. Wieprecht, E. Woillez, J. Wolf, C.
author_facet	Collaboration, GRAVITY+ Dayem, K. Abd El Aimar, N. Berdeu, A. Berger, J. -P. Bourdarot, G. Bourget, P. Brandner, W. Cao, Y. Correia, C. Cardona, S. Cuevas Davies, R. Defrère, D. Drescher, A. Eckart, A. Eisenhauer, F. Fabricius, M. Farah, A. Feuchtgruber, H. Schreiber, N. M. Förster Foschi, A. Garcia, P. Lopez, R. Garcia Genzel, R. Gillessen, S. Gomes, T. Gonté, F. Gopinath, V. Graf, J. Hartl, M. Haubois, X. Haußmann, F. Ho, L. C. Hönig, S. Houllé, M. Joharle, S. Keiman, C. Kervella, P. Kolb, J. Kreidberg, L. Labdon, A. Lacour, S. Lai, O. Lai, S. Laugier, R. Bouquin, J. -B. Le Leftley, J. Li, R. Lopez, B. Lutz, D. Mang, F. Mérand, A. Millour, F. Montargès, M. More, N. Morujão, N. Nowacki, H. Nowak, M. Oberti, S. Onken, C. Osorno, J. Ott, T. Paumard, T. Perraut, K. Perrin, G. Petrov, R. Petrucci, P. -O. Pourré, N. Rabien, S. Rau, C. Ribeiro, D. Robbe-Dubois, S. Bordoni, M. Sadun Salman, M. Sanchez-Bermudez, J. Santos, D. Sauter, J. Scialpi, M. Scigliuto, J. Shangguan, J. Shchekaturov, P. Shimizu, T. Soulez, F. Straubmeier, C. Sturm, E. Subroweit, M. Sykes, C. Tacconi, L. J. Übler, H. Ulbricht, G. Vincent, F. Webster, R. Wieprecht, E. Woillez, J. Wolf, C.
contents	We present the first near-infrared interferometric data of a QSO at z=4. The K-band observations were performed with GRAVITY+ on the VLTI using all four UTs, detecting a differential phase signal that traces the spatially resolved kinematics for both the \hb\ and \hg\ lines in the broad line region. We fit the two lines simultaneously with an updated model that includes distinct rotating and conical outflowing components. For the best fit model, more than 80\% of the \hi\ line emission from the BLR originates in an outflow with a velocity up to $10^4$ km s$^{-1}$. This is oriented so that our line of sight is along an edge of the conical structure, which produces the prominent blue wing on the line profile. A combination of anisotropic line emission and mid-plane opacity lead to the single-sided phase signal. The model is able to qualitatively match both the outflowing \civ\ line profile and the systemic \oi\ fluorescent emission. The derived black hole mass of $8\times10^8$ M$_\odot$ is the highest redshift black hole mass measurement to date obtained directly from BLR dynamics. It is an order of magnitude lower than that inferred from various single epoch scaling relations, and implies that the accretion is highly super-Eddington. With reference to recent simulations, the data suggest that this QSO is emitting close to its radiative limit in a regime where strong outflows are expected around a polar conical region.
format	Preprint
id	arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2509_13911
institution	arXiv
publishDate	2025
record_format	arxiv
spellingShingle	Spatially resolved broad line region in a quasar at z=4: Dynamical black hole mass and prominent outflow Collaboration, GRAVITY+ Dayem, K. Abd El Aimar, N. Berdeu, A. Berger, J. -P. Bourdarot, G. Bourget, P. Brandner, W. Cao, Y. Correia, C. Cardona, S. Cuevas Davies, R. Defrère, D. Drescher, A. Eckart, A. Eisenhauer, F. Fabricius, M. Farah, A. Feuchtgruber, H. Schreiber, N. M. Förster Foschi, A. Garcia, P. Lopez, R. Garcia Genzel, R. Gillessen, S. Gomes, T. Gonté, F. Gopinath, V. Graf, J. Hartl, M. Haubois, X. Haußmann, F. Ho, L. C. Hönig, S. Houllé, M. Joharle, S. Keiman, C. Kervella, P. Kolb, J. Kreidberg, L. Labdon, A. Lacour, S. Lai, O. Lai, S. Laugier, R. Bouquin, J. -B. Le Leftley, J. Li, R. Lopez, B. Lutz, D. Mang, F. Mérand, A. Millour, F. Montargès, M. More, N. Morujão, N. Nowacki, H. Nowak, M. Oberti, S. Onken, C. Osorno, J. Ott, T. Paumard, T. Perraut, K. Perrin, G. Petrov, R. Petrucci, P. -O. Pourré, N. Rabien, S. Rau, C. Ribeiro, D. Robbe-Dubois, S. Bordoni, M. Sadun Salman, M. Sanchez-Bermudez, J. Santos, D. Sauter, J. Scialpi, M. Scigliuto, J. Shangguan, J. Shchekaturov, P. Shimizu, T. Soulez, F. Straubmeier, C. Sturm, E. Subroweit, M. Sykes, C. Tacconi, L. J. Übler, H. Ulbricht, G. Vincent, F. Webster, R. Wieprecht, E. Woillez, J. Wolf, C. Astrophysics of Galaxies We present the first near-infrared interferometric data of a QSO at z=4. The K-band observations were performed with GRAVITY+ on the VLTI using all four UTs, detecting a differential phase signal that traces the spatially resolved kinematics for both the \hb\ and \hg\ lines in the broad line region. We fit the two lines simultaneously with an updated model that includes distinct rotating and conical outflowing components. For the best fit model, more than 80\% of the \hi\ line emission from the BLR originates in an outflow with a velocity up to $10^4$ km s$^{-1}$. This is oriented so that our line of sight is along an edge of the conical structure, which produces the prominent blue wing on the line profile. A combination of anisotropic line emission and mid-plane opacity lead to the single-sided phase signal. The model is able to qualitatively match both the outflowing \civ\ line profile and the systemic \oi\ fluorescent emission. The derived black hole mass of $8\times10^8$ M$_\odot$ is the highest redshift black hole mass measurement to date obtained directly from BLR dynamics. It is an order of magnitude lower than that inferred from various single epoch scaling relations, and implies that the accretion is highly super-Eddington. With reference to recent simulations, the data suggest that this QSO is emitting close to its radiative limit in a regime where strong outflows are expected around a polar conical region.
title	Spatially resolved broad line region in a quasar at z=4: Dynamical black hole mass and prominent outflow
topic	Astrophysics of Galaxies
url	https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.13911