Optimal Transport Based Testing in Factorial Design

Fuente: arXiv
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Hauptverfasser: Groppe, Michel, Niemöller, Linus, Hundrieser, Shayan, Ventzke, David, Blob, Anna, Köster, Sarah, Munk, Axel
Format: Preprint
Veröffentlicht: 2025
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author Groppe, Michel
Niemöller, Linus
Hundrieser, Shayan
Ventzke, David
Blob, Anna
Köster, Sarah
Munk, Axel
author_facet Groppe, Michel
Niemöller, Linus
Hundrieser, Shayan
Ventzke, David
Blob, Anna
Köster, Sarah
Munk, Axel
contents We introduce a general framework for testing statistical hypotheses for probability measures supported on finite spaces, which is based on optimal transport (OT). These tests are inspired by the analysis of variance (ANOVA) and its nonparametric counterparts. They allow for testing linear relationships in factorial designs between discrete probability measures and are based on pairwise comparisons of the OT distance and corresponding barycenters. To this end, we derive under the null hypotheses and (local) alternatives the asymptotic distribution of empirical OT costs and the empirical OT barycenter cost functional as the optimal value of linear programs with random objective function. In particular, we extend existing techniques for probability to signed measures and show directional Hadamard differentiability and the validity of the functional delta method. We discuss computational issues, permutation and bootstrap tests, and back up our findings with simulations. We illustrate our methodology on two datasets from cellular biophysics and biometric identification.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2509_13970
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Optimal Transport Based Testing in Factorial Design
Groppe, Michel
Niemöller, Linus
Hundrieser, Shayan
Ventzke, David
Blob, Anna
Köster, Sarah
Munk, Axel
Statistics Theory
62G10, 62G20 (Primary) 90C31 (Secondary)
We introduce a general framework for testing statistical hypotheses for probability measures supported on finite spaces, which is based on optimal transport (OT). These tests are inspired by the analysis of variance (ANOVA) and its nonparametric counterparts. They allow for testing linear relationships in factorial designs between discrete probability measures and are based on pairwise comparisons of the OT distance and corresponding barycenters. To this end, we derive under the null hypotheses and (local) alternatives the asymptotic distribution of empirical OT costs and the empirical OT barycenter cost functional as the optimal value of linear programs with random objective function. In particular, we extend existing techniques for probability to signed measures and show directional Hadamard differentiability and the validity of the functional delta method. We discuss computational issues, permutation and bootstrap tests, and back up our findings with simulations. We illustrate our methodology on two datasets from cellular biophysics and biometric identification.
title Optimal Transport Based Testing in Factorial Design
topic Statistics Theory
62G10, 62G20 (Primary) 90C31 (Secondary)
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.13970