An Attention-Based Stochastic Simulator for Multisite Extremes to Evaluate Nonstationary, Cascading Flood Risk

Fuente: arXiv
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Main Authors: Nayak, Adam, Gentine, Pierre, Lall, Upmanu
Format: Preprint
Published: 2025
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author Nayak, Adam
Gentine, Pierre
Lall, Upmanu
author_facet Nayak, Adam
Gentine, Pierre
Lall, Upmanu
contents Flood risk is correlated in space and time, challenging insurance systems that rely on diversification across assets. Financial instruments governing flood coverage are typically structured as 1 to 5-year contracts, exposing portfolios to climate-driven risk at interannual-to-decadal scales. Yet existing tools address climate risk either through seasonal forecasts extending only months or multidecadal projections misaligned with fiscal horizons, leaving a critical gap in actionable flood risk simulation. We introduce a multisite flood simulation framework combining attention-based analog retrieval with stochastic generation of multivariate flood frequency, intensity, and duration sequences. Applied to over 100 sites in the Mississippi River Basin, the model produces spatiotemporally coherent flood portfolios conditioned on interannual climate variability. Explainable AI attribution paired with wavelet analysis links simulated clustering to large-scale climate drivers, yielding physically interpretable flood clusters for portfolio-scale loss simulation. The framework provides plausible, out-of-sample flood risk catalogs for interannual-to-decadal insurance risk assessment and financial planning.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2509_14162
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle An Attention-Based Stochastic Simulator for Multisite Extremes to Evaluate Nonstationary, Cascading Flood Risk
Nayak, Adam
Gentine, Pierre
Lall, Upmanu
Geophysics
Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics
Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability
Flood risk is correlated in space and time, challenging insurance systems that rely on diversification across assets. Financial instruments governing flood coverage are typically structured as 1 to 5-year contracts, exposing portfolios to climate-driven risk at interannual-to-decadal scales. Yet existing tools address climate risk either through seasonal forecasts extending only months or multidecadal projections misaligned with fiscal horizons, leaving a critical gap in actionable flood risk simulation. We introduce a multisite flood simulation framework combining attention-based analog retrieval with stochastic generation of multivariate flood frequency, intensity, and duration sequences. Applied to over 100 sites in the Mississippi River Basin, the model produces spatiotemporally coherent flood portfolios conditioned on interannual climate variability. Explainable AI attribution paired with wavelet analysis links simulated clustering to large-scale climate drivers, yielding physically interpretable flood clusters for portfolio-scale loss simulation. The framework provides plausible, out-of-sample flood risk catalogs for interannual-to-decadal insurance risk assessment and financial planning.
title An Attention-Based Stochastic Simulator for Multisite Extremes to Evaluate Nonstationary, Cascading Flood Risk
topic Geophysics
Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics
Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.14162