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Main Authors: Zou, Haolin, Yao, Heyuan, de la Peña, Victor
Format: Preprint
Published: 2025
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Online Access:https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.14428
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author Zou, Haolin
Yao, Heyuan
de la Peña, Victor
author_facet Zou, Haolin
Yao, Heyuan
de la Peña, Victor
contents Following the student t-statistic, normalization has been a widely used method in statistic and other disciplines including economics, ecology and machine learning. We focus on statistics taking the form of a ratio over (some power of) the sample mean, the probabilistic features of which remain unknown. We develop a unified formula for the moments of these self-normalized statistics with non-negative observations, yielding closed-form expressions for several important cases. Moreover, the complexity of our formula doesn't scale with the sample size $n$. Our theoretical findings, supported by extensive numerical experiments, reveal novel insights into their bias and variance, and we propose a debiasing method illustrated with applications such as the odds ratio, Gini coefficient and squared coefficient of variation.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2509_14428
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle A Scalable Formula for the Moments of a Family of Self-Normalized Statistics
Zou, Haolin
Yao, Heyuan
de la Peña, Victor
Statistics Theory
Computation
Following the student t-statistic, normalization has been a widely used method in statistic and other disciplines including economics, ecology and machine learning. We focus on statistics taking the form of a ratio over (some power of) the sample mean, the probabilistic features of which remain unknown. We develop a unified formula for the moments of these self-normalized statistics with non-negative observations, yielding closed-form expressions for several important cases. Moreover, the complexity of our formula doesn't scale with the sample size $n$. Our theoretical findings, supported by extensive numerical experiments, reveal novel insights into their bias and variance, and we propose a debiasing method illustrated with applications such as the odds ratio, Gini coefficient and squared coefficient of variation.
title A Scalable Formula for the Moments of a Family of Self-Normalized Statistics
topic Statistics Theory
Computation
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.14428