H-Alpha Anomalyzer: An Explainable Anomaly Detector for Solar H-Alpha Observations

Fuente: arXiv
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Main Authors: Khazaei, Mahsa, Ahmadzadeh, Azim, Pevtsov, Alexei, Bertello, Luca, Pevtsov, Alexander
Format: Preprint
Published: 2025
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author Khazaei, Mahsa
Ahmadzadeh, Azim
Pevtsov, Alexei
Bertello, Luca
Pevtsov, Alexander
author_facet Khazaei, Mahsa
Ahmadzadeh, Azim
Pevtsov, Alexei
Bertello, Luca
Pevtsov, Alexander
contents The plethora of space-borne and ground-based observatories has provided astrophysicists with an unprecedented volume of data, which can only be processed at scale using advanced computing algorithms. Consequently, ensuring the quality of data fed into machine learning (ML) models is critical. The H$α$ observations from the GONG network represent one such data stream, producing several observations per minute, 24/7, since 2010. In this study, we introduce a lightweight (non-ML) anomaly-detection algorithm, called H-Alpha Anomalyzer, designed to identify anomalous observations based on user-defined criteria. Unlike many black-box algorithms, our approach highlights exactly which regions triggered the anomaly flag and quantifies the corresponding anomaly likelihood. For our comparative analysis, we also created and released a dataset of 2,000 observations, equally divided between anomalous and non-anomalous cases. Our results demonstrate that the proposed model not only outperforms existing methods but also provides explainability, enabling qualitative evaluation by domain experts.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2509_14472
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle H-Alpha Anomalyzer: An Explainable Anomaly Detector for Solar H-Alpha Observations
Khazaei, Mahsa
Ahmadzadeh, Azim
Pevtsov, Alexei
Bertello, Luca
Pevtsov, Alexander
Machine Learning
Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics
Solar and Stellar Astrophysics
The plethora of space-borne and ground-based observatories has provided astrophysicists with an unprecedented volume of data, which can only be processed at scale using advanced computing algorithms. Consequently, ensuring the quality of data fed into machine learning (ML) models is critical. The H$α$ observations from the GONG network represent one such data stream, producing several observations per minute, 24/7, since 2010. In this study, we introduce a lightweight (non-ML) anomaly-detection algorithm, called H-Alpha Anomalyzer, designed to identify anomalous observations based on user-defined criteria. Unlike many black-box algorithms, our approach highlights exactly which regions triggered the anomaly flag and quantifies the corresponding anomaly likelihood. For our comparative analysis, we also created and released a dataset of 2,000 observations, equally divided between anomalous and non-anomalous cases. Our results demonstrate that the proposed model not only outperforms existing methods but also provides explainability, enabling qualitative evaluation by domain experts.
title H-Alpha Anomalyzer: An Explainable Anomaly Detector for Solar H-Alpha Observations
topic Machine Learning
Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics
Solar and Stellar Astrophysics
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.14472