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| Main Authors: | , , , |
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| Format: | Preprint |
| Published: |
2025
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| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.14492 |
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| _version_ | 1866914044462497792 |
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| author | Zhang, Jiali Xu, Wenhui Zhou, Qi Zhang, Shaoliang |
| author_facet | Zhang, Jiali Xu, Wenhui Zhou, Qi Zhang, Shaoliang |
| contents | Dipole condensates, formed from particle-hole pairs, represent a unique class of charge-neutral quantum fluids that evade conventional vector gauge fields, making their electrodynamic responses difficult to probe in natural materials. Here, we propose a tunable platform using strongly interacting two-component ultracold atoms to realize dipole condensates and probe their coupling to rank-2 electric fields. By applying spin-dependent forces and treating spin as a synthetic dimension, we engineer a synthetic rank-2 electric field that induces measurable electrodynamic responses. We identify the atomic analog of perfect Coulomb drag: increasing intercomponent interactions leads to equal and opposite displacements of the centers of mass of the two spin components. Furthermore, a rank-2 electric field imprints a phase twist in the dipole condensate and generates a supercurrent of dipoles that obeys the dipolar Josephson relation -- a smoking gun for dipole condensation. Our results establish a powerful platform for exploring dipolar superfluidity under tensor gauge fields. |
| format | Preprint |
| id |
arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2509_14492 |
| institution | arXiv |
| publishDate | 2025 |
| record_format | arxiv |
| spellingShingle | Dipole condensates in synthetic rank-2 electric fields Zhang, Jiali Xu, Wenhui Zhou, Qi Zhang, Shaoliang Quantum Gases Dipole condensates, formed from particle-hole pairs, represent a unique class of charge-neutral quantum fluids that evade conventional vector gauge fields, making their electrodynamic responses difficult to probe in natural materials. Here, we propose a tunable platform using strongly interacting two-component ultracold atoms to realize dipole condensates and probe their coupling to rank-2 electric fields. By applying spin-dependent forces and treating spin as a synthetic dimension, we engineer a synthetic rank-2 electric field that induces measurable electrodynamic responses. We identify the atomic analog of perfect Coulomb drag: increasing intercomponent interactions leads to equal and opposite displacements of the centers of mass of the two spin components. Furthermore, a rank-2 electric field imprints a phase twist in the dipole condensate and generates a supercurrent of dipoles that obeys the dipolar Josephson relation -- a smoking gun for dipole condensation. Our results establish a powerful platform for exploring dipolar superfluidity under tensor gauge fields. |
| title | Dipole condensates in synthetic rank-2 electric fields |
| topic | Quantum Gases |
| url | https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.14492 |