Chameleon: Integrated Sensing and Communication with Sub-Symbol Beam Switching in mmWave Networks

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Hauptverfasser: Gao, Zhihui, Liu, Zhecun, Chen, Tingjun
Format: Preprint
Veröffentlicht: 2025
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author Gao, Zhihui
Liu, Zhecun
Chen, Tingjun
author_facet Gao, Zhihui
Liu, Zhecun
Chen, Tingjun
contents Next-generation cellular networks are envisioned to integrate sensing capabilities with communication, particularly in the millimeter-wave (mmWave) spectrum, where beamforming using large-scale antenna arrays enables directional signal transmissions for improved spatial multiplexing. In current 5G networks, however, beamforming is typically designed either for communication or sensing (e.g., beam training during link establishment). In this paper, we present Chameleon, a novel framework that augments and rapidly switches beamformers during each demodulation reference signal (DMRS) symbol to achieve integrated sensing and communication (ISAC) in 5G mmWave networks. Each beamformer introduces an additional sensing beam toward target angles while maintaining the communication beams toward multiple users. We implement Chameleon on a 28 GHz software-defined radio testbed supporting over-the-air 5G physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH) transmissions. Extensive experiments in open environments show that Chameleon achieves multi-user communication with a sum data rate of up to 0.80 Gbps across two users. Simultaneously, Chameleon employs a beamformer switching interval of only 0.24 μs, therefore producing a 31x31-point 2D imaging within just 0.875 ms. Leveraging machine learning, Chameleon further enables object localization with median errors of 0.14 m (distance) and 0.24° (angle), and material classification with 99.0% accuracy.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2509_14628
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Chameleon: Integrated Sensing and Communication with Sub-Symbol Beam Switching in mmWave Networks
Gao, Zhihui
Liu, Zhecun
Chen, Tingjun
Networking and Internet Architecture
Signal Processing
Next-generation cellular networks are envisioned to integrate sensing capabilities with communication, particularly in the millimeter-wave (mmWave) spectrum, where beamforming using large-scale antenna arrays enables directional signal transmissions for improved spatial multiplexing. In current 5G networks, however, beamforming is typically designed either for communication or sensing (e.g., beam training during link establishment). In this paper, we present Chameleon, a novel framework that augments and rapidly switches beamformers during each demodulation reference signal (DMRS) symbol to achieve integrated sensing and communication (ISAC) in 5G mmWave networks. Each beamformer introduces an additional sensing beam toward target angles while maintaining the communication beams toward multiple users. We implement Chameleon on a 28 GHz software-defined radio testbed supporting over-the-air 5G physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH) transmissions. Extensive experiments in open environments show that Chameleon achieves multi-user communication with a sum data rate of up to 0.80 Gbps across two users. Simultaneously, Chameleon employs a beamformer switching interval of only 0.24 μs, therefore producing a 31x31-point 2D imaging within just 0.875 ms. Leveraging machine learning, Chameleon further enables object localization with median errors of 0.14 m (distance) and 0.24° (angle), and material classification with 99.0% accuracy.
title Chameleon: Integrated Sensing and Communication with Sub-Symbol Beam Switching in mmWave Networks
topic Networking and Internet Architecture
Signal Processing
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.14628