DeepAssert: An LLM-Aided Verification Framework with Fine-Grained Assertion Generation for Modules with Extracted Module Specifications

Fuente: arXiv
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Main Authors: Wang, Yonghao, Zhou, Jiaxin, Lyu, Hongqin, Chao, Zhiteng, Wang, Tiancheng, Li, Huawei
Format: Preprint
Published: 2025
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author Wang, Yonghao
Zhou, Jiaxin
Lyu, Hongqin
Chao, Zhiteng
Wang, Tiancheng
Li, Huawei
author_facet Wang, Yonghao
Zhou, Jiaxin
Lyu, Hongqin
Chao, Zhiteng
Wang, Tiancheng
Li, Huawei
contents Assertion-Based Verification (ABV) is a crucial method for ensuring that logic designs conform to their architectural specifications. However, existing assertion generation methods primarily rely on information either from the design specification, or register-transfer level (RTL) code. The former methods are typically limited to generating assertions for the top-level design. As the top-level design is composed of different modules without module-level specifications, they are unable to generate deep assertions that target the internal functionality of modules. The latter methods often rely on a golden RTL model, which is difficult to obtain. To address the above limitations, this paper presents a novel large language model (LLM)-aided verification framework named DeepAssert. DeepAssert is capable of analyzing the invocation relationships between modules and extracting independent specifications for each module with its I/O port information. These extracted specifications are subsequently used to guide LLMs to automatically generate fine-grained deep assertions for these modules. Our evaluation demonstrates that DeepAssert significantly outperforms existing methods such as AssertLLM and Spec2Assertion in generating high-quality deep assertions for modules. Furthermore, when integrated with these methods, DeepAssert can enhance the overall quality of the assertions generated. This allows for a more comprehensive and effective verification process.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2509_14668
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle DeepAssert: An LLM-Aided Verification Framework with Fine-Grained Assertion Generation for Modules with Extracted Module Specifications
Wang, Yonghao
Zhou, Jiaxin
Lyu, Hongqin
Chao, Zhiteng
Wang, Tiancheng
Li, Huawei
Hardware Architecture
Assertion-Based Verification (ABV) is a crucial method for ensuring that logic designs conform to their architectural specifications. However, existing assertion generation methods primarily rely on information either from the design specification, or register-transfer level (RTL) code. The former methods are typically limited to generating assertions for the top-level design. As the top-level design is composed of different modules without module-level specifications, they are unable to generate deep assertions that target the internal functionality of modules. The latter methods often rely on a golden RTL model, which is difficult to obtain. To address the above limitations, this paper presents a novel large language model (LLM)-aided verification framework named DeepAssert. DeepAssert is capable of analyzing the invocation relationships between modules and extracting independent specifications for each module with its I/O port information. These extracted specifications are subsequently used to guide LLMs to automatically generate fine-grained deep assertions for these modules. Our evaluation demonstrates that DeepAssert significantly outperforms existing methods such as AssertLLM and Spec2Assertion in generating high-quality deep assertions for modules. Furthermore, when integrated with these methods, DeepAssert can enhance the overall quality of the assertions generated. This allows for a more comprehensive and effective verification process.
title DeepAssert: An LLM-Aided Verification Framework with Fine-Grained Assertion Generation for Modules with Extracted Module Specifications
topic Hardware Architecture
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.14668