Vulnerable Agent Identification in Large-Scale Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning

Fuente: arXiv
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Main Authors: Li, Simin, Mao, Zihao, Yuwei, Zheng, Wang, Linhao, Xu, Ruixiao, Ma, Chengdong, Liu, Zhiqian, Yu, Xin, Ma, Yuqing, Wang, Xin, Luo, Jie, An, Bo, Yang, Yaodong, Lv, Weifeng, Liu, Xianglong
Format: Preprint
Published: 2025
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author Li, Simin
Mao, Zihao
Yuwei, Zheng
Wang, Linhao
Xu, Ruixiao
Ma, Chengdong
Liu, Zhiqian
Yu, Xin
Ma, Yuqing
Wang, Xin
Luo, Jie
An, Bo
Yang, Yaodong
Lv, Weifeng
Liu, Xianglong
author_facet Li, Simin
Mao, Zihao
Yuwei, Zheng
Wang, Linhao
Xu, Ruixiao
Ma, Chengdong
Liu, Zhiqian
Yu, Xin
Ma, Yuqing
Wang, Xin
Luo, Jie
An, Bo
Yang, Yaodong
Lv, Weifeng
Liu, Xianglong
contents Partial agent failure becomes inevitable when systems scale up, making it crucial to identify the subset of agents whose failure causes worst-case system performance degradations. We study this Vulnerable Agent Identification (VAI) problem in large-scale multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL). We frame VAI as a Hierarchical Adversarial Decentralized Mean Field Control (HAD-MFC), where the upper level selects vulnerable agents as an NP-hard task and the lower level learns their worst-case adversarial policies via mean-field MARL. The two problems are coupled together, making HAD-MFC difficult to solve. To handle this, we first decouple the hierarchical process by Fenchel-Rockafellar transform, resulting a regularized mean-field Bellman operator for upper level that enables independent learning at each level, thus reducing computational complexity. We next reformulate the upper-level NP-hard problem as an MDP with dense rewards, allowing sequential identification of vulnerable agents via greedy and RL algorithms. This decomposition provably preserves the optimal solution. Experiments show our method effectively identifies more vulnerable agents in large-scale MARL and the rule-based system, fooling system into worse failures, and reveals the vulnerability of each agent in large systems. Code available at https://github.com/Waken-dream/VAI
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2509_15103
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Vulnerable Agent Identification in Large-Scale Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning
Li, Simin
Mao, Zihao
Yuwei, Zheng
Wang, Linhao
Xu, Ruixiao
Ma, Chengdong
Liu, Zhiqian
Yu, Xin
Ma, Yuqing
Wang, Xin
Luo, Jie
An, Bo
Yang, Yaodong
Lv, Weifeng
Liu, Xianglong
Multiagent Systems
Artificial Intelligence
Partial agent failure becomes inevitable when systems scale up, making it crucial to identify the subset of agents whose failure causes worst-case system performance degradations. We study this Vulnerable Agent Identification (VAI) problem in large-scale multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL). We frame VAI as a Hierarchical Adversarial Decentralized Mean Field Control (HAD-MFC), where the upper level selects vulnerable agents as an NP-hard task and the lower level learns their worst-case adversarial policies via mean-field MARL. The two problems are coupled together, making HAD-MFC difficult to solve. To handle this, we first decouple the hierarchical process by Fenchel-Rockafellar transform, resulting a regularized mean-field Bellman operator for upper level that enables independent learning at each level, thus reducing computational complexity. We next reformulate the upper-level NP-hard problem as an MDP with dense rewards, allowing sequential identification of vulnerable agents via greedy and RL algorithms. This decomposition provably preserves the optimal solution. Experiments show our method effectively identifies more vulnerable agents in large-scale MARL and the rule-based system, fooling system into worse failures, and reveals the vulnerability of each agent in large systems. Code available at https://github.com/Waken-dream/VAI
title Vulnerable Agent Identification in Large-Scale Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning
topic Multiagent Systems
Artificial Intelligence
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.15103