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Main Authors: Chatterjee, Sreejato, Tran, Linh, Nguyen, Quoc Duy, Kirson, Roni, Hamlin, Drue, Aquino, Harvest, Lyu, Hanjia, Luo, Jiebo, Dye, Timothy
Format: Preprint
Published: 2025
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Online Access:https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.15216
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author Chatterjee, Sreejato
Tran, Linh
Nguyen, Quoc Duy
Kirson, Roni
Hamlin, Drue
Aquino, Harvest
Lyu, Hanjia
Luo, Jiebo
Dye, Timothy
author_facet Chatterjee, Sreejato
Tran, Linh
Nguyen, Quoc Duy
Kirson, Roni
Hamlin, Drue
Aquino, Harvest
Lyu, Hanjia
Luo, Jiebo
Dye, Timothy
contents Traditional efforts to measure historical structural oppression struggle with cross-national validity due to the unique, locally specified histories of exclusion, colonization, and social status in each country, and often have relied on structured indices that privilege material resources while overlooking lived, identity-based exclusion. We introduce a novel framework for oppression measurement that leverages Large Language Models (LLMs) to generate context-sensitive scores of lived historical disadvantage across diverse geopolitical settings. Using unstructured self-identified ethnicity utterances from a multilingual COVID-19 global study, we design rule-guided prompting strategies that encourage models to produce interpretable, theoretically grounded estimations of oppression. We systematically evaluate these strategies across multiple state-of-the-art LLMs. Our results demonstrate that LLMs, when guided by explicit rules, can capture nuanced forms of identity-based historical oppression within nations. This approach provides a complementary measurement tool that highlights dimensions of systemic exclusion, offering a scalable, cross-cultural lens for understanding how oppression manifests in data-driven research and public health contexts. To support reproducible evaluation, we release an open-sourced benchmark dataset for assessing LLMs on oppression measurement (https://github.com/chattergpt/HSO-Bench).
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2509_15216
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Assessing Historical Structural Oppression Worldwide via Rule-Guided Prompting of Large Language Models
Chatterjee, Sreejato
Tran, Linh
Nguyen, Quoc Duy
Kirson, Roni
Hamlin, Drue
Aquino, Harvest
Lyu, Hanjia
Luo, Jiebo
Dye, Timothy
Computation and Language
Computers and Society
Traditional efforts to measure historical structural oppression struggle with cross-national validity due to the unique, locally specified histories of exclusion, colonization, and social status in each country, and often have relied on structured indices that privilege material resources while overlooking lived, identity-based exclusion. We introduce a novel framework for oppression measurement that leverages Large Language Models (LLMs) to generate context-sensitive scores of lived historical disadvantage across diverse geopolitical settings. Using unstructured self-identified ethnicity utterances from a multilingual COVID-19 global study, we design rule-guided prompting strategies that encourage models to produce interpretable, theoretically grounded estimations of oppression. We systematically evaluate these strategies across multiple state-of-the-art LLMs. Our results demonstrate that LLMs, when guided by explicit rules, can capture nuanced forms of identity-based historical oppression within nations. This approach provides a complementary measurement tool that highlights dimensions of systemic exclusion, offering a scalable, cross-cultural lens for understanding how oppression manifests in data-driven research and public health contexts. To support reproducible evaluation, we release an open-sourced benchmark dataset for assessing LLMs on oppression measurement (https://github.com/chattergpt/HSO-Bench).
title Assessing Historical Structural Oppression Worldwide via Rule-Guided Prompting of Large Language Models
topic Computation and Language
Computers and Society
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.15216