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| Main Author: | |
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| Format: | Preprint |
| Published: |
2025
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| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.15605 |
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Table of Contents:
- Checkered patterns are characterized by their square structure and the use of only two distinct colors. These colors are typically represented by two types of numerical sets: {1,0} and {1,-1}. Matrices based on {1,0} may seem identical to those based on {1,-1} when forming checkered patterns because the only difference is that the numbers 0 are changed to -1. However, these two kinds of matrices are completely different in a mathematical sense because a matrix using {1,0} has a rank of 2 and a matrix using {1,-1} has a rank of 1. Knowing this difference in advance allows us to reduce the computational effort required for matrix operations such as information embedding and retrieving.