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Main Authors: Bodard, Alexander, Patrinos, Panagiotis
Format: Preprint
Published: 2025
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Online Access:https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.15817
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author Bodard, Alexander
Patrinos, Panagiotis
author_facet Bodard, Alexander
Patrinos, Panagiotis
contents We study generalized smoothness in nonconvex optimization, focusing on $(L_0, L_1)$-smoothness and anisotropic smoothness. The former was empirically derived from practical neural network training examples, while the latter arises naturally in the analysis of nonlinearly preconditioned gradient methods. We introduce a new sufficient condition that encompasses both notions, reveals their close connection, and holds in key applications such as phase retrieval and matrix factorization. Leveraging tools from dynamical systems theory, we then show that nonlinear preconditioning -- including gradient clipping -- preserves the saddle point avoidance property of classical gradient descent. Crucially, the assumptions required for this analysis are actually satisfied in these applications, unlike in classical results that rely on restrictive Lipschitz smoothness conditions. We further analyze a perturbed variant that efficiently attains second-order stationarity with only logarithmic dependence on dimension, matching similar guarantees of classical gradient methods.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2509_15817
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Escaping saddle points without Lipschitz smoothness: the power of nonlinear preconditioning
Bodard, Alexander
Patrinos, Panagiotis
Optimization and Control
We study generalized smoothness in nonconvex optimization, focusing on $(L_0, L_1)$-smoothness and anisotropic smoothness. The former was empirically derived from practical neural network training examples, while the latter arises naturally in the analysis of nonlinearly preconditioned gradient methods. We introduce a new sufficient condition that encompasses both notions, reveals their close connection, and holds in key applications such as phase retrieval and matrix factorization. Leveraging tools from dynamical systems theory, we then show that nonlinear preconditioning -- including gradient clipping -- preserves the saddle point avoidance property of classical gradient descent. Crucially, the assumptions required for this analysis are actually satisfied in these applications, unlike in classical results that rely on restrictive Lipschitz smoothness conditions. We further analyze a perturbed variant that efficiently attains second-order stationarity with only logarithmic dependence on dimension, matching similar guarantees of classical gradient methods.
title Escaping saddle points without Lipschitz smoothness: the power of nonlinear preconditioning
topic Optimization and Control
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.15817