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| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Preprint |
| Published: |
2025
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| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.15833 |
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| _version_ | 1866911531139072000 |
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| author | Gerharz, Miriam Hippler, Willi Marx-Glowna, Berit Sadashivaiah, Sakshath Schulze, Kai S. Uschmann, Ingo Loetzsch, Robert Schlage, Kai Velten, Sven Lentrodt, Dominik Wolff, Lukas Leupold, Olaf Sergeev, Ilya Wille, Hans-Christian Strohm, Cornelius Guetg, Marc Liu, Shan Geloni, Gianluca Aldo Boesenberg, Ulrike Hallmann, Jörg Zozulya, Alexey Pudell, Jan-Etienne Rodriguez-Fernandez, Angel Youssef, Mohamed Madsen, Anders Bocklage, Lars Paulus, Gerhard G. Keitel, Christoph H. Pfeifer, Thomas Röhlsberger, Ralf Evers, Jörg |
| author_facet | Gerharz, Miriam Hippler, Willi Marx-Glowna, Berit Sadashivaiah, Sakshath Schulze, Kai S. Uschmann, Ingo Loetzsch, Robert Schlage, Kai Velten, Sven Lentrodt, Dominik Wolff, Lukas Leupold, Olaf Sergeev, Ilya Wille, Hans-Christian Strohm, Cornelius Guetg, Marc Liu, Shan Geloni, Gianluca Aldo Boesenberg, Ulrike Hallmann, Jörg Zozulya, Alexey Pudell, Jan-Etienne Rodriguez-Fernandez, Angel Youssef, Mohamed Madsen, Anders Bocklage, Lars Paulus, Gerhard G. Keitel, Christoph H. Pfeifer, Thomas Röhlsberger, Ralf Evers, Jörg |
| contents | Mössbauer spectroscopy is widely used to study structure and dynamics of matter with remarkably high energy resolution, provided by the narrow nuclear resonance line widths. However, the narrow width implies low count rates, such that experiments commonly average over extended measurement times or many x-ray pulses (``shots''). This averaging impedes the study of non-equilibrium phenomena. It has been suggested that X-ray free-electron lasers (XFELs) could enable Mössbauer single-shot measurements without averaging, and a proof-of-principle demonstration has been reported. However, so far, only a tiny fraction of all shots resulted in signal-photon numbers which are sufficiently high for a single-shot analysis. Here, we demonstrate coherent nuclear-forward-scattering of self-seeded XFEL radiation, with up to 900 signal-photons per shot. We develop a sorting approach which allows us to include all data on a single-shot level, independent of the signal content of the individual shots. It utilizes the presence of different dynamics classes, i.e. different nuclear evolutions after each excitation. Each shot is assigned to one of the classes, which can then be analyzed separately. Our approach determines the classes from the data without requiring theory modeling nor prior knowledge on the dynamics, making it also applicable to unknown phenomena. We envision that our approach opens up new grounds for Mössbauer science, enabling the study of out-of-equilibrium transient dynamics of the nuclei or their environment. |
| format | Preprint |
| id |
arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2509_15833 |
| institution | arXiv |
| publishDate | 2025 |
| record_format | arxiv |
| spellingShingle | Single-shot sorting of Mössbauer time-domain data at X-ray free-electron lasers Gerharz, Miriam Hippler, Willi Marx-Glowna, Berit Sadashivaiah, Sakshath Schulze, Kai S. Uschmann, Ingo Loetzsch, Robert Schlage, Kai Velten, Sven Lentrodt, Dominik Wolff, Lukas Leupold, Olaf Sergeev, Ilya Wille, Hans-Christian Strohm, Cornelius Guetg, Marc Liu, Shan Geloni, Gianluca Aldo Boesenberg, Ulrike Hallmann, Jörg Zozulya, Alexey Pudell, Jan-Etienne Rodriguez-Fernandez, Angel Youssef, Mohamed Madsen, Anders Bocklage, Lars Paulus, Gerhard G. Keitel, Christoph H. Pfeifer, Thomas Röhlsberger, Ralf Evers, Jörg Quantum Physics Mössbauer spectroscopy is widely used to study structure and dynamics of matter with remarkably high energy resolution, provided by the narrow nuclear resonance line widths. However, the narrow width implies low count rates, such that experiments commonly average over extended measurement times or many x-ray pulses (``shots''). This averaging impedes the study of non-equilibrium phenomena. It has been suggested that X-ray free-electron lasers (XFELs) could enable Mössbauer single-shot measurements without averaging, and a proof-of-principle demonstration has been reported. However, so far, only a tiny fraction of all shots resulted in signal-photon numbers which are sufficiently high for a single-shot analysis. Here, we demonstrate coherent nuclear-forward-scattering of self-seeded XFEL radiation, with up to 900 signal-photons per shot. We develop a sorting approach which allows us to include all data on a single-shot level, independent of the signal content of the individual shots. It utilizes the presence of different dynamics classes, i.e. different nuclear evolutions after each excitation. Each shot is assigned to one of the classes, which can then be analyzed separately. Our approach determines the classes from the data without requiring theory modeling nor prior knowledge on the dynamics, making it also applicable to unknown phenomena. We envision that our approach opens up new grounds for Mössbauer science, enabling the study of out-of-equilibrium transient dynamics of the nuclei or their environment. |
| title | Single-shot sorting of Mössbauer time-domain data at X-ray free-electron lasers |
| topic | Quantum Physics |
| url | https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.15833 |