_version_ 1866911531139072000
author Gerharz, Miriam
Hippler, Willi
Marx-Glowna, Berit
Sadashivaiah, Sakshath
Schulze, Kai S.
Uschmann, Ingo
Loetzsch, Robert
Schlage, Kai
Velten, Sven
Lentrodt, Dominik
Wolff, Lukas
Leupold, Olaf
Sergeev, Ilya
Wille, Hans-Christian
Strohm, Cornelius
Guetg, Marc
Liu, Shan
Geloni, Gianluca Aldo
Boesenberg, Ulrike
Hallmann, Jörg
Zozulya, Alexey
Pudell, Jan-Etienne
Rodriguez-Fernandez, Angel
Youssef, Mohamed
Madsen, Anders
Bocklage, Lars
Paulus, Gerhard G.
Keitel, Christoph H.
Pfeifer, Thomas
Röhlsberger, Ralf
Evers, Jörg
author_facet Gerharz, Miriam
Hippler, Willi
Marx-Glowna, Berit
Sadashivaiah, Sakshath
Schulze, Kai S.
Uschmann, Ingo
Loetzsch, Robert
Schlage, Kai
Velten, Sven
Lentrodt, Dominik
Wolff, Lukas
Leupold, Olaf
Sergeev, Ilya
Wille, Hans-Christian
Strohm, Cornelius
Guetg, Marc
Liu, Shan
Geloni, Gianluca Aldo
Boesenberg, Ulrike
Hallmann, Jörg
Zozulya, Alexey
Pudell, Jan-Etienne
Rodriguez-Fernandez, Angel
Youssef, Mohamed
Madsen, Anders
Bocklage, Lars
Paulus, Gerhard G.
Keitel, Christoph H.
Pfeifer, Thomas
Röhlsberger, Ralf
Evers, Jörg
contents Mössbauer spectroscopy is widely used to study structure and dynamics of matter with remarkably high energy resolution, provided by the narrow nuclear resonance line widths. However, the narrow width implies low count rates, such that experiments commonly average over extended measurement times or many x-ray pulses (``shots''). This averaging impedes the study of non-equilibrium phenomena. It has been suggested that X-ray free-electron lasers (XFELs) could enable Mössbauer single-shot measurements without averaging, and a proof-of-principle demonstration has been reported. However, so far, only a tiny fraction of all shots resulted in signal-photon numbers which are sufficiently high for a single-shot analysis. Here, we demonstrate coherent nuclear-forward-scattering of self-seeded XFEL radiation, with up to 900 signal-photons per shot. We develop a sorting approach which allows us to include all data on a single-shot level, independent of the signal content of the individual shots. It utilizes the presence of different dynamics classes, i.e. different nuclear evolutions after each excitation. Each shot is assigned to one of the classes, which can then be analyzed separately. Our approach determines the classes from the data without requiring theory modeling nor prior knowledge on the dynamics, making it also applicable to unknown phenomena. We envision that our approach opens up new grounds for Mössbauer science, enabling the study of out-of-equilibrium transient dynamics of the nuclei or their environment.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2509_15833
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Single-shot sorting of Mössbauer time-domain data at X-ray free-electron lasers
Gerharz, Miriam
Hippler, Willi
Marx-Glowna, Berit
Sadashivaiah, Sakshath
Schulze, Kai S.
Uschmann, Ingo
Loetzsch, Robert
Schlage, Kai
Velten, Sven
Lentrodt, Dominik
Wolff, Lukas
Leupold, Olaf
Sergeev, Ilya
Wille, Hans-Christian
Strohm, Cornelius
Guetg, Marc
Liu, Shan
Geloni, Gianluca Aldo
Boesenberg, Ulrike
Hallmann, Jörg
Zozulya, Alexey
Pudell, Jan-Etienne
Rodriguez-Fernandez, Angel
Youssef, Mohamed
Madsen, Anders
Bocklage, Lars
Paulus, Gerhard G.
Keitel, Christoph H.
Pfeifer, Thomas
Röhlsberger, Ralf
Evers, Jörg
Quantum Physics
Mössbauer spectroscopy is widely used to study structure and dynamics of matter with remarkably high energy resolution, provided by the narrow nuclear resonance line widths. However, the narrow width implies low count rates, such that experiments commonly average over extended measurement times or many x-ray pulses (``shots''). This averaging impedes the study of non-equilibrium phenomena. It has been suggested that X-ray free-electron lasers (XFELs) could enable Mössbauer single-shot measurements without averaging, and a proof-of-principle demonstration has been reported. However, so far, only a tiny fraction of all shots resulted in signal-photon numbers which are sufficiently high for a single-shot analysis. Here, we demonstrate coherent nuclear-forward-scattering of self-seeded XFEL radiation, with up to 900 signal-photons per shot. We develop a sorting approach which allows us to include all data on a single-shot level, independent of the signal content of the individual shots. It utilizes the presence of different dynamics classes, i.e. different nuclear evolutions after each excitation. Each shot is assigned to one of the classes, which can then be analyzed separately. Our approach determines the classes from the data without requiring theory modeling nor prior knowledge on the dynamics, making it also applicable to unknown phenomena. We envision that our approach opens up new grounds for Mössbauer science, enabling the study of out-of-equilibrium transient dynamics of the nuclei or their environment.
title Single-shot sorting of Mössbauer time-domain data at X-ray free-electron lasers
topic Quantum Physics
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.15833