Vacuum-Signal Detection and the Principle-Level Feasibility of Arbitrarily Long-Distance Repeaterless Quantum Communication
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arXiv
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| Natura: | Preprint |
| Pubblicazione: |
2025
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| _version_ | 1866911672521719808 |
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| author | Shu, Hao |
| author_facet | Shu, Hao |
| contents | Practical repeaterless quantum communication (PRQC) is constrained by the divergence of quantum bit error rate (QBER) arising from the interplay between channel loss and single-photon detector (SPD) dark counts. As the channel transmission rate decays with distance, vacuum-signal-induced dark counts inevitably dominate detection events beyond a finite range, driving QBER toward 50\% and rendering PRQC infeasible. Here, a theoretical framework termed vacuum-signal detection (VSD) is established to address this limitation at the level of principle. By employing controlled operations together with multi-copy analysis, the VSD paradigm enables vacuum-induced detection events to be identified and filtered without disturbing the encoded messages. Consequently, the non-vacuum signal ratio (NVSR) of the accepted signals can be stabilized at a high value irrespective of channel attenuation, thereby suppressing the fundamental QBER of PRQC within the secure bounds at any communication distance. As a result, PRQC can, in principle, remain feasible over arbitrarily long distances. By providing a rigorous theoretical resolution of the fundamental QBER-induced distance limitation, this work clarifies the principle-level scalability of PRQC. Furthermore, the vacuum-filtering framework developed here and its introduction of multi-copy analysis may also be of interest in a broader class of loss-sensitive or detection-based quantum tasks. |
| format | Preprint |
| id |
arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2509_15884 |
| institution | arXiv |
| publishDate | 2025 |
| record_format | arxiv |
| spellingShingle | Vacuum-Signal Detection and the Principle-Level Feasibility of Arbitrarily Long-Distance Repeaterless Quantum Communication Shu, Hao Quantum Physics Practical repeaterless quantum communication (PRQC) is constrained by the divergence of quantum bit error rate (QBER) arising from the interplay between channel loss and single-photon detector (SPD) dark counts. As the channel transmission rate decays with distance, vacuum-signal-induced dark counts inevitably dominate detection events beyond a finite range, driving QBER toward 50\% and rendering PRQC infeasible. Here, a theoretical framework termed vacuum-signal detection (VSD) is established to address this limitation at the level of principle. By employing controlled operations together with multi-copy analysis, the VSD paradigm enables vacuum-induced detection events to be identified and filtered without disturbing the encoded messages. Consequently, the non-vacuum signal ratio (NVSR) of the accepted signals can be stabilized at a high value irrespective of channel attenuation, thereby suppressing the fundamental QBER of PRQC within the secure bounds at any communication distance. As a result, PRQC can, in principle, remain feasible over arbitrarily long distances. By providing a rigorous theoretical resolution of the fundamental QBER-induced distance limitation, this work clarifies the principle-level scalability of PRQC. Furthermore, the vacuum-filtering framework developed here and its introduction of multi-copy analysis may also be of interest in a broader class of loss-sensitive or detection-based quantum tasks. |
| title | Vacuum-Signal Detection and the Principle-Level Feasibility of Arbitrarily Long-Distance Repeaterless Quantum Communication |
| topic | Quantum Physics |
| url | https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.15884 |