The Hidden Life of Stars: Embedded Beginnings to AGB Endings in the PHANGS-JWST Sample. I. Catalog of Mid-IR Sources
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| Format: | Preprint |
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2025
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| author | Hassani, Hamid Rosolowsky, Erik Leroy, Adam K. Sandstrom, Karin Boquien, Médéric Thilker, David A. Whitmore, Bradley C. Anand, Gagandeep S. Barnes, Ashley T. Cao, Yixian Chown, Ryan Congiu, Enrico Dale, Daniel A. Egorov, Oleg V. Gerasimov, Ivan Grasha, Kathryn Indebetouw, Remy Lee, Janice C. Liang, Fu-Heng Maschmann, Daniel Meidt, Sharon E. Oakes, Elias K. Pessa, Ismael Pety, Jérôme Querejeta, Miguel Ramambason, Lise Rodríguez, M. Jimena Sarbadhicary, Sumit K. Sutter, Jessica Úbeda, Leonardo Williams, Thomas G. |
| author_facet | Hassani, Hamid Rosolowsky, Erik Leroy, Adam K. Sandstrom, Karin Boquien, Médéric Thilker, David A. Whitmore, Bradley C. Anand, Gagandeep S. Barnes, Ashley T. Cao, Yixian Chown, Ryan Congiu, Enrico Dale, Daniel A. Egorov, Oleg V. Gerasimov, Ivan Grasha, Kathryn Indebetouw, Remy Lee, Janice C. Liang, Fu-Heng Maschmann, Daniel Meidt, Sharon E. Oakes, Elias K. Pessa, Ismael Pety, Jérôme Querejeta, Miguel Ramambason, Lise Rodríguez, M. Jimena Sarbadhicary, Sumit K. Sutter, Jessica Úbeda, Leonardo Williams, Thomas G. |
| contents | We present a multiwavelength catalog of mid-infrared-selected compact sources in 19 nearby galaxies, combining JWST NIRCam/MIRI, HST UV-optical broadband, H$α$ narrow-band, and ALMA CO observations. We detect 24,945 compact sources at 21 $μ$m and 55,581 at 10 $μ$m. Artificial star tests show 50% completeness limits of $\sim$5 $μ$Jy for the 10 $μ$m catalog, and $\sim$24 $μ$Jy for the 21 $μ$m catalog. We find that 21 $μ$m compact sources contribute $\sim$20% of the total galaxy emission in that band, but only contribute $5%$ at 10 $μ$m. We classify sources using stellar evolution and population synthesis models combined with empirical classifications derived from the literature. Our classifications include H$α$-bright and dust-embedded optically faint clusters, red supergiants (RSGs), oxygen-rich and carbon-rich AGB stars, and a range of rarer stellar types. In sampling a broad range of star forming environments with a uniform, well-characterized selection, this catalog enables enables analyses of infrared-bright stellar populations. We find that H$α$-faint sources account for only 10% of dusty (likely young) clusters, implying that the infrared-bright, optically-faint phase of cluster evolution is short compared to the H$α$-bright stage. The luminosity functions of 10 and 21 $μ$m sources follow power-law distributions, with the 21 $μ$m slope ($-1.7 \pm 0.1$) similar to that of giant molecular cloud mass functions and ultraviolet bright star-forming complexes, while the 10 $μ$m slope ($-2.0 \pm 0.1$) is closer to that of young stellar clusters. |
| format | Preprint |
| id |
arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2509_16459 |
| institution | arXiv |
| publishDate | 2025 |
| record_format | arxiv |
| spellingShingle | The Hidden Life of Stars: Embedded Beginnings to AGB Endings in the PHANGS-JWST Sample. I. Catalog of Mid-IR Sources Hassani, Hamid Rosolowsky, Erik Leroy, Adam K. Sandstrom, Karin Boquien, Médéric Thilker, David A. Whitmore, Bradley C. Anand, Gagandeep S. Barnes, Ashley T. Cao, Yixian Chown, Ryan Congiu, Enrico Dale, Daniel A. Egorov, Oleg V. Gerasimov, Ivan Grasha, Kathryn Indebetouw, Remy Lee, Janice C. Liang, Fu-Heng Maschmann, Daniel Meidt, Sharon E. Oakes, Elias K. Pessa, Ismael Pety, Jérôme Querejeta, Miguel Ramambason, Lise Rodríguez, M. Jimena Sarbadhicary, Sumit K. Sutter, Jessica Úbeda, Leonardo Williams, Thomas G. Astrophysics of Galaxies Solar and Stellar Astrophysics We present a multiwavelength catalog of mid-infrared-selected compact sources in 19 nearby galaxies, combining JWST NIRCam/MIRI, HST UV-optical broadband, H$α$ narrow-band, and ALMA CO observations. We detect 24,945 compact sources at 21 $μ$m and 55,581 at 10 $μ$m. Artificial star tests show 50% completeness limits of $\sim$5 $μ$Jy for the 10 $μ$m catalog, and $\sim$24 $μ$Jy for the 21 $μ$m catalog. We find that 21 $μ$m compact sources contribute $\sim$20% of the total galaxy emission in that band, but only contribute $5%$ at 10 $μ$m. We classify sources using stellar evolution and population synthesis models combined with empirical classifications derived from the literature. Our classifications include H$α$-bright and dust-embedded optically faint clusters, red supergiants (RSGs), oxygen-rich and carbon-rich AGB stars, and a range of rarer stellar types. In sampling a broad range of star forming environments with a uniform, well-characterized selection, this catalog enables enables analyses of infrared-bright stellar populations. We find that H$α$-faint sources account for only 10% of dusty (likely young) clusters, implying that the infrared-bright, optically-faint phase of cluster evolution is short compared to the H$α$-bright stage. The luminosity functions of 10 and 21 $μ$m sources follow power-law distributions, with the 21 $μ$m slope ($-1.7 \pm 0.1$) similar to that of giant molecular cloud mass functions and ultraviolet bright star-forming complexes, while the 10 $μ$m slope ($-2.0 \pm 0.1$) is closer to that of young stellar clusters. |
| title | The Hidden Life of Stars: Embedded Beginnings to AGB Endings in the PHANGS-JWST Sample. I. Catalog of Mid-IR Sources |
| topic | Astrophysics of Galaxies Solar and Stellar Astrophysics |
| url | https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.16459 |